Rolf Jentoft

In order to utilize sustainable fuel sources such as biomass derived oils, these materials must undergo multiple processing steps. Catalysts can accelerate and direct the necessary reaction steps and can have a large impact on the viability of the refining process. My research is in the testing and characterization of catalysts and related materials used in the processing of hydrocarbons and oxygenates.

The most direct characterization of a catalyst is to measure its activity. Combining activity information with knowledge of the active surface can be used to direct improvement of the catalyst, and may lead to a fundamental understanding of how a catalyst works. However, because a catalyst at room temperature and exposed to air does not have the same structure as the same material under reaction conditions (usually increased temperature and reactant atmosphere), it is useful to characterize the catalyst under reaction conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is an element specific spectroscopic technique that gives information on the local environment (within about 5 Ǻ) as well as information on the average valence. We have designed and constructed measurement cells for transmission and fluorescence mode measurements of catalyst under reaction conditions.

The synthesis of catalysts usually requires several thermal treatments such as drying, calcination, and activation. Optimization of these steps can enhance the activity of the catalyst. To efficiently optimize thermal treatment it is useful to understand the kinetics of the transformations occurring during treatment. Kinetic information can be obtained through measurement of changes in weight (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis), gas products analysis, and measurement of heat effects occurring during heating in a controlled atmosphere. Temperature programmed desorption, reduction, or oxidation can also be used to characterize acid/base properties, oxidation state, reactivity, and to optimize regeneration parameters for catalysts.