03116nas a2200361   4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260001200229300001200241490000700253520194200260653001902202653001402221653001302235653001102248653001102259653002302270653002202293653001402315653004002329653003602369100002702405700002102432700002502453700001602478700002002494700002402514700002102538700002402559700002002583856015102603       2021                        eng d  a1556-834200aHumoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Colostrum from Women Diagnosed Positive for SARS-CoV-2.0 aHumoral and CellMediated Immune Response in Colostrum from Women  c2021 12  a987-9940 v163 a<p>To evaluate the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in colostrum from women who tested positive for the virus. Between March and September 2020 we obtained bilateral colostrum samples collected on spot cards within 48 hours of delivery from 15 new mothers who had previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Four of 15 women provided liquid colostrum, which was used for validating results obtained from spot cards. Archived bilateral colostrum samples collected from 8 women during 2011-2013 were used as pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) controls. All samples were tested for reactivity to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that measures SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgA, IgG, and IgM and for levels of 10 inflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13) using a multiplex electrochemiluminescent sandwich assay. Our validation studies indicate that the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and the associated cytokines measured in liquid colostrum are comparable to levels eluted from spot cards. Bilateral colostrum samples from 73%, 73%, and 33% of the 15 COVID-19 mothers exhibited IgA, IgG, and IgM reactivity to RBD, respectively. In addition, symptomatic COVID-19 mothers had statistically significant elevated levels of 4 of the 10 inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12) compared to asymptomatic COVID-19 mothers. A strong humoral immune response is present in the colostrum of women who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 before delivering. The evolution and duration of the antibody response, as well as dynamics of the cytokine response, remain to be determined. Our results also indicate that future large-scale studies can be conducted with milk easily collected on paper spot cards.</p>
10aBreast Feeding10aColostrum10aCOVID-1910aFemale10aHumans10aImmunity, Cellular10aImmunity, Humoral10aPregnancy10aPregnancy Complications, Infectious10aSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus1 aNarayanaswamy, Vignesh1 aPentecost, Brian1 aAlfandari, Dominique1 aChin, Emily1 aMinor, Kathleen1 aKastrinakis, Alyssa1 aLieberman, Tanya1 aArcaro, Kathleen, F1 aLeftwich, Heidi  uhttps://www.umass.edu/veterinary-animal-sciences/research-faculty/publications/humoral-and-cell-mediated-immune-response-colostrum-women-diagnosed