02092nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260001300214300001100227490000600238520132600244100001401570700002301584700002001607700001401627700001801641700002201659700002001681700002101701856015201722       2002                        eng d00aSerum xanthine oxidase: origin, regulation, and contribution to control of trypanosome parasitemia.0 aSerum xanthine oxidase origin regulation and contribution to con  c2002 Feb  a161-780 v43 aAfrican trypanosomiasis is caused by Salivarian trypanosomes, tsetse fly-transmitted protozoa that inhabit the blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluids, and, in the case of Trypanosoma brucei species, also the cerebrospinal fluid of mammal hosts. Trypanosomiasis in people and domestic animals manifests as recurring waves of parasites in the blood and is typically fatal. In contrast, trypanosomiasis in Cape buffaloes, which are naturally selected to resist the disease, is characterized by the development of only one or a few waves of parasitemia, after which the infection becomes cryptic, being maintained by the presence of 1-20 mammal-infective organisms/ml of blood. The control of the acute phase of parasitemia in Cape buffaloes correlates with a decline in blood catalase activity and the generation of trypanocidal H(2)O(2) in serum during the catabolism of endogenous purine by xanthine oxidase. Here we review features of this response, and of trypanosome metabolism, that facilitate H(2)O(2)-mediated killing of the parasites with minimal damage to the host. We also discuss the origin and regulation of serum xanthine oxidase and catalase, and show how recovery of serum catalase in infected Cape buffaloes precludes a role for H(2)O(2) in the long-term, stable suppression of trypanosome parasitemia.1 aWang, Jun1 aVan Praagh, Andrew1 aHamilton, Erika1 aWang, Qin1 aZou, Baixiang1 aMuranjan, Madhavi1 aMurphy, Noel, B1 aBlack, Samuel, J  uhttps://www.umass.edu/veterinary-animal-sciences/research-faculty/publications/serum-xanthine-oxidase-origin-regulation-and-contribution-to-control