Handheld Buying Guide
Need information on the go? Keep yourself
informed, organized, and entertained with a handheld computer, also called a
personal digital assistant (PDA). Handhelds are mobile computers that manage
your calendar, contact information, and to-do lists. Some provide a voice
recorder and note taker, and others even let you read e-mail and information
downloaded from the Internet.
Overview
Handhelds are small portable computers,
usually handheld or pocket-size, that organize data, such as your schedule,
appointment calendar, address book, and to-do list, and often include
connections to your desktop PC or to the Internet. Once the domain of early
adopting gadget lovers, handhelds now organize and update millions of mobile
business professionals. They're ideal for anyone who needs portable information
but doesn't want the size or expense of a laptop computer.
Handhelds are usually designed to work
with your desktop PC. First, you connect the two devices with a serial or USB
cable. Then you use the handheld's included software to manage tasks on your
desktop PC and to synchronize tasks with the handheld.
When shopping for a handheld, start by
identifying your needs. Do you want just a basic electronic pocket organizer
with personal information management (PIM) functions? Will you need to
coordinate your information with others who are connected through a network?
Will you need to download e-mail and other information from the Internet to
your handheld? Will you use your handheld to jot down notes during meetings?
Will you need a larger handheld with a bigger screen and more memory, or will
you want to travel with your handheld in your pocket?
Knowing what tasks you'll use your
handheld for will help you decide what body size, display type, memory,
operating system, handwriting software, power source, and other amenities
you'll need.
Handheld body sizes
Handhelds range from the size of a credit
card to a notebook computer. The number of features and the computing power
increase with the size.
Credit-card-size units typically offer
only basic PIM functions and have about 512 KB of RAM. Because the units are so
small, the screen may be difficult to read, and there's little room for
buttons, so entering data can be tedious or require you to connect to a desktop
PC and to use the PC's keyboard. Still, these handhelds can sound an alarm
before your appointments and keep track of your business contacts, addresses,
and phone numbers in a tiny, convenient package.
Palm-size computers are the most popular
handheld body style. In fact, may people consider "PDA" or
"handheld" and "palm computer" to be synonymous. Smaller
than a paperback but larger than a deck of cards, palm computers fit easily in
the palm of your hand. The units are too small to include a keyboard, so you
enter commands and data by pressing surface-mounted buttons or by tapping the
display with a stylus. Most handhelds also let you "write" text and
include some sort of handwriting recognition software; a few recognize spoken
commands.
Larger handhelds range in size from a
thick checkbook to a small notebook computer. These units have room for more
memory and expansion slots, a half-height or even full-size VGA display, and a
keyboard with touch-type capabilities. With increased size, you get increased
computing power and versatility, but you lose the advantages of pocket
portability. These larger units also usually cost more than smaller ones.
Operating system platforms
The Palm OS has long dominated the
handheld market, with Microsoft's Windows CE running a somewhat distant second.
The launch of Microsoft's Pocket PC OS in the spring of 2000 marks the
retirement of Windows CE and the advent of a retooled, more powerful Windows
handheld.
The Palm OS not only appears on Palm's
Connected Organizers but has also been licensed to third-party handheld
manufacturers such as Handspring. Which platform is better for you depends on
your needs.
Devices based on the Palm OS tend to be
smaller, significantly lighter, and less expensive than their Pocket PC
counterparts. It's a minimalist approach of doing just a few tasks, but doing
them really well. The Palm OS seems to be lighter on its feet--starting up
faster after you turn on the device, running applications and finding data faster,
and so on. Palms have a reputation for being easy to set up, learn, and use and
have a long battery life. They're also known for their popular
personal-information-management (PIM) systems and extensive support from
third-party developers; there are thousands of software, shareware, and
freeware titles to choose from. The PIM applications include Date Book, Address
Book, Mail, To-Do List, Memo Pad, Expense, and Calculator, along with Security,
Games, and HotSync technology (which synchronizes data with your PC).
If you like the Palm platform but want
more choices in memory and case configuration, you might consider a product
like the Visor from Handspring. The Visor, which is based on the Palm III
design, licenses the popular Palm OS and is fully compatible with the thousands
of Palm applications that are available from third parties. Products like the
Visor often enhance the Palm OS with features such as advanced date books,
calculators, world clocks, and support for built-in floating point math. The Visor
also has an external expansion slot which lets you insert modules that add
optional software and hardware (Handspring calls the modules "Springboard
modules"). There are Springboard modules for an MP3 player, pager, modem,
GPS receiver, video games, and more, and each one transforms the Visor into an
entirely new device.
In general, devices based on Microsoft's
Pocket PC OS have more memory and functions than Palms. The new Pocket PC units
are far smaller and sleeker than their Windows CE predecessors, and the
software, including the handwriting recognition, is a lot more mature. Pocket
PCs still tend to be a bit larger, heavier, and more expensive than Palms, but
they have narrowed the gap on these fronts while keeping a big lead in power.
Some of the latest Pocket PCs have also added whole new functions, including
the ability to work as MP3 players, e-book readers, and digital voice
recorders. A wide variety of third-party software, from MPEG movie players to
cursive handwriting recognition, is currently available. Like Palms, Pocket PCs
can synchronize with your personal computer, usually via a docking cradle.
The Pocket PC OS comes with a large set
of standard applications, and its graphical interface is a variation of the
familiar Windows desktop. The standard applications are Microsoft Pocket
Outlook, which includes Calendar, Contacts, Tasks, and Inbox (which sends and
receives e-mail); ActiveSync, which synchronizes data with your PC; Calculator;
Channels, which downloads information from the Internet; Connections, which
provides Internet access and communications; Note Taker; PC Link; Solitaire;
and Voice Recorder. The handheld manufacturer may add other applications as
well.
Although the Pocket PC and the Palm OS
overwhelmingly dominate the handheld market, other manufacturers use their own
operating systems or license them from third parties. This is especially true
for simple electronic pocket organizers that include only basic PIM functions
and for entry-level handhelds designed to appeal to niche markets. For example,
the Fuga eDiary uses its own VuOne operating system, designed specifically for
users seeking to replace printed-paper planners. Other manufacturers may try to
compete more directly with Pocket PC or Palm OS. For example, Psion, which
makes higher-end handhelds, such as the Psion Revo, uses the Epoc operating
system, licensed from Symbian Systems. Psion's Epoc handhelds have been popular
with European users, and the devices hold a small fraction of the North
American market as well.
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Display types
The types of displays used in handhelds
are smaller versions of those used in notebook computers. Because handhelds are
small, the display usually covers most of the front of the unit, so it's the
most visible feature. It's important to have a display that's as bright and
legible as possible on a handheld that is within your budget.
A typical palm-size handheld has a
resolution of 320 x 240 pixels with four shades of gray; more expensive color
models can offer more than 65,000 colors. Nearly all handhelds have a liquid
crystal display (LCD), backlit touch-screen with a stylus for tapping commands,
selecting items, and writing text.
Monochrome LCD is the least expensive and
most energy-efficient choice, providing grayscale images and text.
Passive-matrix is a type of LCD color
display on mid-level units that provides good color images when you view it
straight on. There are three types of passive-matrix displays: double-layer
supertwist nematic (DSTN), color super-twist nematic (CSTN), and
High-Performance Addressing (HPA). Recent improvements in CSTN make it a great
low-cost alternative to active-matrix.
Active-matrix, also called "thin
film transistor" (TFT), is the brightest, sharpest, clearest, and most
expensive type of LCD flat panel display that is practical for handhelds.
Memory
All those great applications and all your
important data are stored in RAM. Handhelds normally ship with 512 KB of system
RAM in credit card models and up to 32 MB in larger models, often with an
option for ordering more. Some models also provide expansion slots for more
memory.
The operating system and built-in
application programs are stored in ROM. For upgrading purposes, some
manufacturers place the operating system in a socketed ROM module--a module you
can remove from its socket and replace with a new one. Other manufacturers use
flash memory--a type of memory that can be erased and reprogrammed but that
doesn't erase when the power is disconnected.
Some handhelds include slots for
CompactFlash cards. These 50-pin cards are similar in function to, but much
smaller than, the 68-pin PCMCIA PC cards that are so popular in laptop and
notebook computers. CompactFlash cards provide up to 96 MB (and growing) of
data storage, but their small, light, energy-efficient design make them ideal
for handhelds. (With an appropriate 50-to-68 pin adapter, a CompactFlash card
can be used in a PCMCIA Type II slot.) There are two types of CompactFlash
cards. Type I cards are 3.3mm thick, and Type II cards (also called
CompactFlash Plus or CF+) are 5mm thick. Type II slots accept both Type I and
Type II cards.
Finally, some larger handheld handhelds
include PCMCIA slots for PCMCIA cards. There are three types of PCMCIA cards
and slots: Type I, Type II, and Type III.
Type I cards are 3.3 millimeters thick
and are used mostly as additional ROM or RAM. Type II cards are 5.5 millimeters
thick and used mostly as modems. Type III cards are 10.5 millimeters thick and
used mostly as virtual disk drives; however, most handhelds are not large
enough to accommodate these.
A Type I slot holds one Type I card; a
Type II slot holds one Type II card or two Type I cards. A Type III slot holds
one Type III card or one Type I and one Type II card.
Infrared transceiver port
In addition to transferring data to your
desktop PC through a serial port, many handhelds can communicate with each
other through an infrared port. These ports use the same technology as the
remote control for your TV or VCR but with a higher data transfer rate (about
the same rate as a parallel port). The infrared port on a handheld should
conform to the IrDA standard specified by the Infrared Data Association. Any
two handhelds running the same operating system, in close proximity, and in a straight
line of sight to each other should be able to exchange data through their IrDA
ports.
Text entry and handwriting
recognition
Only the larger handhelds have actual
keyboards, so most handhelds require you to enter information through the touch
screen with the stylus. Most systems let you tap letters on an on-screen
"keyboard" or write letters on an on-screen tablet. Both Palm OS and
Windows CE come with handwriting recognition software--Graffiti and Jot,
respectively--that lets you print letters individually. You must form your
letters precisely according to the software's rules, which take some time to
adjust to.
Other handhelds may come with, or may
permit you to buy and install, natural handwriting recognition software.
Instead of following the software's rules for writing letters, you train the
software to recognize your own handwriting. The advantage is that you don't
have to learn the handheld's writing rules; the disadvantage is that natural
handwriting recognition is less accurate, although the accuracy may improve
with training.
Power supply and batteries
More memory, CompactFlash cards, color
screens, voice recording--there are many cool features and accessories for
handhelds, but they need battery power to work. Most handhelds come with either
alkaline batteries (usually AAA size) or a rechargeable battery pack. Many also
include a small backup battery to protect the memory when your main batteries
run out.
One set of alkaline batteries usually
lasts a few weeks with normal use; rechargeable battery packs typically last
several hours between charges. And not by coincidence, the handhelds that come
with rechargeable battery packs usually consume more power than those that come
with only alkaline batteries. Many handhelds have power-management settings to
help the batteries last longer. For example, you can set the backlight or the
handheld itself to turn off after a few minutes of idle time.
The most common types of rechargeable
battery packs are nickel cadmium (ni-cad), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), and
lithium ion. A larger handheld may have a smart battery pack that provides the
handheld with information about its power status so that the handheld can
conserve power intelligently.
E-mail and Internet access
Many handhelds are designed with the
assumption that you'll check e-mail through your desktop PC and download the
messages to your handheld for future reading. You can also download Web
magazines, audio programs, and news subscription services if your handheld
supports these features. However, some handhelds include a built-in modem or a
slot where you can add one, allowing you to send and receive e-mail directly.
Setting up a handheld to work with an
Internet Service Provider's (ISP) e-mail server can be a tedious, time-consuming
process--especially if you've never done it before--but you should only have to
do it once. One reason for the added time and complication is that the
communication software on many handhelds is less sophisticated and has fewer
automatic setup conveniences than the corresponding software on desktop PCs.
Before setting up the handheld, you need
your e-mail address, password, ISP's dial-up telephone number, and the
following information about your e-mail system: your protocol to receive
e-mail; your incoming-mail server name; your outgoing-mail server name; and
your primary and secondary DNS name server addresses. You may also need to know
if your ISP wants you to use IP header compression or to enable software
compression.
You can find this information on your
ISP's Web site or by contacting its customer service department. Among the
handhelds that support e-mail directly, most work with POP3, IMAP4, SMTP, and
LDAP protocols, with POP3 being the most common.
Larger handhelds based on Pocket PC or
Windows CE may include Pocket Internet Explorer, a slimmer version of Microsoft
Internet Explorer. Tapping your stylus on a touch screen that's running Pocket
Internet Explorer is a convenient and fun way to surf the Web, but don't expect
to watch streaming videos or to listen to sound clips; these functions are not
yet supported.
Price range
Handhelds range in price from about $100
to $1,000. On the low end are pocket organizers with some PIM functions--little
more than electronic address books. On the higher end are handhelds that look
like notebook computers without disk drives and that include full-size
keyboards and VGA screens. Most palm-size handhelds with standard functionality
are in the middle, between $250 and $550, with memory and display type primarily
determining the cost.
~This buying guide is courtesy of Amazon.com and was written by Mike Brown, a consumer electronics editor for Amazon.com , covering phones, PDAs, printers, scanners, and other products.