Russell Research Group

Visualization of Assembly and Dynamics of Anisotropic Nano-particles on Liquid Surfaces​

Assembly and dynamics of PEG functionalized silica-coated gold nanorods at surface of an ionic liquid can be directly studied using a scanning electron microscope. In-situ visualization of a transition from isotropic to a liquid crystalline can provide a better understanding of the relationship between the local structure and single-particle dynamics of anisotropic particles in a 2D assembly.

Self-assembly of Linear Block Copolymers and Bottlebrush Block Copolymers in Thin Films

Semiconductor device fabrication has been developing rapidly in recent years. It’s been harder to keep up with Moore's law since top-down photolithography is approaching the diffraction limit. Self-assembly of block copolymers has been proved to be a promising solution for its highly reproducible self-assembly, great diversity of morphology, good etching contrast, economic efficiency and recipes compatible for industrialization. Well aligned self-assembled patterns with sub-10 nm feature size and good etching contrast in thin films have been achieved in recent years. However, poor solubility, unfavored orientation of lamellas and high energy barrier for defect annihilation remain to distant block copolymers from its applications. We hereby developed a series of linear block copolymers and bottlebrush block copolymers containing ketal groups as side chains for low-χ to high-χ conversion in solid state. Self-assembled lamellar and cylindrical morphology with minimum 5.4 nm full pitch was obtained in bulk and 9.4 nm full pitch in thin films, which is among the smallest domains obtained so far.

Recent work in Russell group

• Microphase separation controlled by hydrolysis reaction in solid state
• Lamellar morphology with sub-10 nm full pitch obtained in bulk and thin films

 Templates and Scaffolds for Nanostructured Materials

• Controlled Orientation
  • Fuel Cells
  • Electric Fields
  • Interfacial Interactions
  • Solvent Induced Orientation
• Long-Range Ordering
  • Solvent-Induced Ordering
  • Salt Complexes
  • Sheer Fields
  • Droplet Evaporation
  • Bulk Shearing
• Heterogeneous Surfaces
  • Uniformly Modified Surfaces
  • Heterogeneous Surfaces
  • Chemical Heterogeneities
• Thermodynamics
  • Entropy-Driven Transitions
  • Closed-Loop Phase Behavior
  • Super Critical Carbon Dioxide
  • Salt Effects on Interactions
• Applications
  • Templates for Pattern Transfer
  • Scaffolds for Nanostructured Materials
  • Nanowire Arrays
  • Magnetic Storage

Solvent-Induced Orientation and Ordering

The self-assembly of materials is emerging as a key process in the fabrication of functional nanostructured materials, since it provides a powerful bottom-up route to well organized structures on the nanoscopic scale. Block copolymers, one class of self-assembling materials, offer an attractive route to fabricate nanometer-scale structures, since they spontaneously assemble a range of well-defined, well-ordered structures including spheres, cylinders, and lamellae, depending on the volume fractions of the components. In addition, the molecular weight of the copolymer provides control over the size and separation distances of the microdomains, and the specific functionality can be incorporated into the structure by varying the chemical nature of the copolymer.

This versatility makes block copolymers ideal candidates for use as templates and scaffolds for applications ranging from magnetic storage to displays and sensors. However, control of well-organized structures over a large scale is still challenging. For applications requiring addressability, long-range lateral order and orientation of elements are key, and therefore self-assembly is no longer sufficient. Rather, a directed self-assembly is required wherein the precise location of each nanoscopic element is defined. Normally this requires external fields, such as electric field, shear, temperature gradient, crystallization, chemically patterned substrate or controlled interfacial interactions. Very recently, we showed that solvent annealing and solvent evaporation at a controlled rate can provide a very simple but robust route to generating almost defect-free microstructures over large areas in block copolymer thin films.

Generating laterally ordered, ultradense, macroscopic arrays of nanoscopic elements will revolutionize the microelectronic and storage industries. We use faceted surfaces of commercially available sapphire wafers to guide the self-assembly of block copolymer microdomains into oriented arrays, with quasi-long-range crystalline order over arbitrarily large wafer surfaces. Ordered arrays of 3 nm diameter cylindrical microdomains, with areal densities in excess of 10 Terabit/inch2, have been produced. The saw-toothed substrate topography provides directional guidance to the self-assembly of the block copolymer, which is tolerant of surface defects, like dislocations. The lateral ordering and lattice orientation of the single-grain arrays of microdomains is maintained over the entire surface. This approach is parallel, applicable to different substrates and block copolymers, and opens a versatile route toward ultrahigh density systems. 

We also demonstrated a simple, versatile approach to the directed self-assembly of block copolymers into a macroscopic array of unidirectionally aligned cylindrical microdomains on reconstructed faceted single crystal surfaces or on flexible, inexpensive polymeric replicas. High fidelity transfer of the line pattern generated from the microdomains to a master mold is also shown. Single-grained line patterns over arbitrarily large surface areas without the use of top-down techniques is demonstrated, which typically have an order parameter typically in excess of 0.97 and a slope error of 1.1o. This degree of perfection, produced in a short time period, is yet to be achieved by any other method. The exceptional alignment arises from entropic penalties of chain packing in the facets, coupled with the bending modulus of the cylindrical microdomains. This is shown, theoretically, to be the lowest energy state. The atomic crystalline ordering of the substrate is transferred, over multiple length scales, to the block copolymer microdomains, opening avenues to large-scale roll-to-roll-type and nanoimprint processing of perfectly patterned surfaces, and as templates and scaffolds for magnetic storage media, polarizing devices, and nanowire arrays.

Solvent evaporation is a strong, highly directional field. Strong repulsion between the copolymer blocks, combined with the directionality of solvent evaporation, where ordering is initiated at the surface of the film and propagates through the entire film, leads to a high degree of long range order with few defects. Studies were performed on a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer (PS-b-PEO), where the minor component is the PEO. After spin coating, cylindrical structures were generated normal to the surface, having poor lateral order. After some thermal annealing, the order improves such that micron size grains can be observed after 96 hours. However, the use of solvent annealing with controlled evaporation was found to be superior to thermal routes in the ordering of the copolymer. The solvent imparts a high degree of mobility in the microphase-separated copolymer, enabling a rapid removal of defects and, a high degree of lateral order. 

In situ grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering experiments on thin films of block copolymers of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) during annealing in neutral solvent vapors are reported. By removing the solvent in a controlled manner, the period of the microphase separated morphology is found to increase, with increasing block copolymer concentration, in a power law manner with an exponent of 2/3. By venting the systems at different rates during the solvent removal process, kinetically arresting the system, the period of the microphase separated morphology in the dried film can be varied.

Even with solvent evaporation and solvent annealing techniques, it is difficult to achieve grain sizes that are greater than tens of microns. Generally, there is no preferential macroscopic grain orientation and limited translational order. However, it has been shown that by using a patterned substrate that has features on the order of microns, such as parallel lines etched in an oxide layer, one can achieve improved lateral order. We have been able to use this to provide a preferential macroscopic grain orientation where the grain orientation is defined on large length scales. A solution of PS-PEO was spin coated onto a silicon oxide surface containing channels 875 nm wide and 325 nm deep. The same solvent annealing strategy was applied.

As can be seen in Figure 2, an essentially defect-free array of cylindrical domains oriented normal to the surface is obtained within each channel. This order propagates along the length of the channels over hundreds of micrometers.

We recently uncovered a unique means of inducing a robust orientation of microdomains in PS-b-PEO, by the use of a wide variety of salts. In particular, by incorporating dilute concentrations (1%) of M+X- , where M can be K, Li or Cs and X can be Cl or I, into the solution used to prepare the thin PS-b-PEO films, a pronounced orientation of the cylindrical PEO microdomains, with lateral long range order after solvent annealing, was observed. Unlike the preparation of the pure PS-b-PEO films, which are extremely sensitive to changes in the humidity, the addition of the salt resulted in humidity having very little, if any, influence on the orientation of the microdomains. More recently, we show that by placing a cleavable juncture, a triphenylmethyl (trityl) ether linkage, between PS and PEO, highly ordered nanoporous thin films could be prepared directly from PS-b-PEO diblock copolymers. Combining the above two strategies, a cleavable PS-PEO complexed with salt was prepared, and used for generating thin films with lateral long range order on a topographically patterned surface.

As seen in Figure 3, a highly ordered nanoporous thin film can be readily generated.

Electric Fields Controlled Orientation and Templates for Nanostructured Materials

Block copolymers (BCPs) are emerging as promising candidates as scaffolds and templates for the fabrication of nanoscopic structures. Key to the use of block copolymers is the control of the lateral ordering and orientation of the microdomains in BCP thin films. Electric field is proved to be able to orient the microdomains either in the plane of the substrate or perpendicular to it. For in-plane alignment of BCPs, electrodes need to be fabricated by standard optical lithography and electron-beam evaporation of a metal. Initially, the axes of the cylinders are lying parallel to the substrate due to surface interactions. The axes can then be induced to stretch along the electric field lines when film is simultaneously heated above the glass transition temperature of both blocks. Since electric fields with an order 30 kV/cm were necessary to orient the domains, the patterning of an entire wafer would require the use of multiple electrodes and a careful understanding of the electric field formed when applying a voltage between electrodes on top of a thin insulating layer on a conducting substrate. When an external eclectic field is applied to across the film, PMMA cylinders in PS metric can be oriented perpendicular to the substrate and these ordered arrays can be used to grow nanowires either by electrodepositing through the porous template or by using it as a mask for etching or patterning the underlying substrate, as schematically illustrated in Figure 4.

Analysis of scattering patterns indicated that during alignment of the lamellar microdomains, the material goes through an intermediate state with substantially reduced long-range order. After orientation, the sample consists of many small grains with the lamellae being oriented parallel to the electric field and a random orientation in the plane perpendicular to the field.

Furthermore, our most recent results show that lithium ions coordinate with the carbonyl groups in PMMA block to form lithium-PMMA complexes, resulting in a significant increase of the Flory-Huggins segmental interaction parameter, as well as dielectric contrast between PS and PMMA blocks. The increased segmental-segmental interaction parameter X drives PS-b-PMMA block copolymer from a weak segregation regime into a strong segregation regime. Thus the local order of the microdomains was markedly enhanced both in bulk and in films without applying any external fields. The increased dielectric contrast significantly amplified the driving force to align the BCP microdomains in films under an external electric field and reduced the critical electric field strength required to overcome the preferential interactions of the blocks with the substrate. Therefore, the complete alignment of lamellar microdomains in PS-b-PMMA block copolymer thin films has been achieved by using an electric field (Figure 5).

Confined Geometries

• Homopolymers Under Confinement
  • Chain Configuration
  • Chain Dynamics
  • Nanorods
  • Gels
• Polymer Mixtures
• Block Copolymers

In the bulk, block copolymers microphase separate into nanoscopic morphologies including spheres, cylinders and lamellae depending on the volume fraction of the components. The size of the domains is defined by the molecular weight of the copolymer and the strength of the segmental interactions between the blocks. If a block copolymer thin film is confined between two solid interfaces, the copolymer chains will either stretch or compress. The incommensurability between the copolymer period and the interface separation distances will alter the fundamental repeat period. When the block copolymers are forced into cylindrical nanopores, where the diameter of the nanopores are several repeat periods of the copolymer morphology, both commensurability and imposed curvature influence the morphology. We have used porous alumina membrane to provide the cylindrical confinement. Confinement effects are found to distort the natural packing of the microdomains and cause an apparent deviation of the repeat period from the bulk values. Under severe confinement, where the pore diameters are comparable to the equilibrium period of the copolymer, morphologies different than those observed in the bulk are seen. Stacked torus-type structures, helical cylinders and helical strings of spherical structures were seen for lamellar, cylindrical, and spherical copolymers, respectively.

Porous alumina membranes were also used to generate amorphous carbon nanotubes(CNTs). Polyacrylonitrile(PAN) and polystyrene-block-polyacrylonitrile (PS-b-PAN) were used as carbon precursors. Uniformly aligned amorphous carbon nanotubes were synthesized by the wetting and sequential pyrolysis. The thickness of the carbon nanotube walls can be controlled by either changing the concentration of the precursor solution or by using multiple wetting and pyrolysis steps. When diblock copolymers of PS-b-PAN were used, it was found that, nanopores were created within the nanotube wall after pyrolysis. The CNTs in this study were found to be amorphous from Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. However, the graphitization level of the CNTs is expected to increase by adjusting processing conditions, in particular the pyrolysis temperature. The CNTs can also be used as a shrouding to confine other materials, such as block copolymers.

When the porous alumina membranes are wetted by polymer melts, two wetting regions (partial wetting and complete wetting) are observed. These regions are similar to the case of a flat solid substrate. In the partial wetting region, polymer melts are drawn into the nanopores via capillary force, forming polymeric nanorods. In the complete wetting region, polymer melts form precursor films and spread on the inner walls of nanopores in alumina membranes, forming polymeric nanotubes. We studied the wetting behavior of molten polystyrene, using nanoporous alumina membranes, by systematically changing the annealing temperature and polymer molecular weight. A transition from the partial to complete wetting was observed when the annealing temperature was raised above a critical temperature Tw, which is related to the increase of spreading coefficient S with increasing temperature. The difference in wetting rate between two wetting regions was also used to fractionate polystyrene with different molecular weight.

Self-Healing

Multilayer composites, which combine ductile polymers with brittle films, constitute vital components for optical communications, microelectronics and bio-engineering applications.  However, since crack formation is a critical problem in these materials, designing layered systems that can respond to environmental changes and effect self-healing is particularly important for a range of technologies. Here, nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix were found to migrate to a crack generated at the interface between the polymer and a glassy layer. Segregation of the nanoparticles to the crack depended on both the enthalpic and entropic interactions between the polymer and nanoparticles. In particular, poly(ethylene oxide)-covered 5.2-nm spherical nanoparticles in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix diffused to cracks in the adjoining silicon oxide layer, whereas tri-n-octylphosphine oxide-covered nanoparticles did not. These results point to a simple means of fabricating systems that can either self-heal, improving the durability of multilayered systems, or form the basis for auto-responsive materials.​

Self-Corralling

In the last few decades, a lot of research has been done on phase separation of polymers, be they homo-polymer blends or diblock copolymers. The polymers phase separate because of a mismatch in the Flory-Huggins parameter of the two polymers. The progress in understanding and controlling phase separation processes has led to a bottom-up approach in synthesizing new functional materials. This approach has been further advanced and applied to phase separation of inorganic nanorods in polymer matrices. The interaction between polymers and nanorods is governed by the nature of the ligands attached to nanorods. When nanorods are functionalized with ligands having unfavorable interactions with polymers, and an electric field is applied while drop casting, normally oriented nanorods in a polymer matrix are observed. This is shown in the following TEM micrograph. This phase separation of nanorods is termed "self-corralling". The process of self-corralling can be directed by using chemically patterned substrate where nanorods, by preference, go on one part of the pattern, and polymer goes to the other. Further, by self-corralling nanorods functionalized with photoactive ligands, efficient photovoltaic devices can be foreseen.

• Assembly
• Dynamics
• Interfacial Chemistry
• Cross-linked Sheets
• Devices
• Biological Nanoparticles
  • Virus Assemblies
  • Cow Pea Mosaic Virus, Horse Spleen Ferritin
  • Yellow Turnip Virus, Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Liquid - Liquid Interfaces

The fabrication of functional nanostructured materials for sensing, encapsulation and delivery requires practical approaches to self-assembly on multiple length scales and the synthesis of tough yet permeable structures. Ligand-stabilized nanoparticles assembled into three-dimensional constructs at fluid-fluid interfaces driven by the reduction in interfacial energy were investigated. Studies on the dynamics of the nanoparticles and the self-assembled structures formed at the interface suggest a liquid-like behavior and ordering at the interfaces. Cross-linking of the nanoparticle assembly using functional ligands, affords robust membranes that maintain their integrity even when they are removed from the interface. These composite membranes, nanometers in thickness, are elastic and permeable. Combining other self-assembly processes on a different length scale, i.e. “breath figures”, with the self-assembly of nanoparticles at the oil-water interfaces lead to the formation of hierarchically structured nanoparticle arrays. The assembly of virus and other biological complexes at fluid interfaces was also investigated, where interfacial assembly rendered an easy route to direct and assemble the bioparticles into 2-D and 3-D constructs with hierarchical ordering. These assemblies provide for the potential use of the bioparticles as a natural supramolecular building block to obtain materials with well-defined bio-functionalities. 

The organization of inorganic nanostructures within self-assembled organic or biological templates is receiving the attention of scientists interested in developing functional hybrid materials. Recent theoretical arguments have suggested that synergistic interactions between self-organizing particles and a self-assembling matrix material can lead to hierarchically ordered structures. Here we show that mixtures of diblock copolymers and either cadmium selenide- or ferritin-based nanoparticles exhibit cooperative, coupled self-assembly on the nanoscale. In thin films, the copolymers assemble into cylindrical domains, which dictate the spatial distribution of the nanoparticles; segregation of the particles to the interfaces mediates interfacial interactions and orients the copolymer domains normal to the surface, even when one of the blocks is strongly attracted to the substrate. Organization of both the polymeric and particulate entities is thus achieved without the use of external fields, opening a simple and general route for fabrication of nanostructured materials with hierarchical order.

Jamming

Nanoparticles assemble at the interface between two fluids into disordered, liquid-like arrays, where the nanoparticles can diffuse laterally at the interface. Using nanoparticles dispersed in water and amine end-capped polymers in oil, nanoparticle surfactants are generated in situ at the interface, overcoming the inherent weak forces governing the interfacial adsorption of nanoparticles. When the shape of the liquid domain is deformed by an external field, the surface area increases and more nanoparticles adsorb to the interface. Upon releasing the field, the interfacial area decreases, jamming the nanoparticle surfactants and arresting further shape change. The jammed nanoparticles remain disordered and liquid-like, enabling multiple, consecutive deformation and jamming events. Further stabilization is realized by replacing monofunctional ligands with difunctional versions that cross-link the assemblies. The ability to generate and stabilize liquids with a prescribed shape poses opportunities for reactive liquid systems, packaging, delivery, and storage.

Carbon Nanotubes

Efficient segregation of water-soluble acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) at the oil/water interface was induced by dissolving low-molecular-weight amine-terminated polystyrene (PS-NH2) in the oil phase.  Salt-bridge interactions between carboxylic acid groups of SWCNTs and amine groups of PS drove assembly of SWCNTs at the interface, and were monitored by pendant drop tensiometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Impact of PS end-group functionality, PS and SWCNT concentrations, and degree of SWCNT acid modification on interfacial activity were assessed, and a sharp drop in interfacial tension was observed above a critical SWCNT concentration.  Interfacial tensions were low enough to support stable oil/water emulsions.  Further experiments, including potentiometric titrations and replacement of SWCNTs by other carboxyl-containing species, demonstrated that the interfacial tension drop reflects the loss of SWCNT charge as pH falls near/below the intrinsic carboxyl dissociation constant; species lacking multivalent carboxylic acid groups are inactive.  The trapped SWCNTs appear neither ordered nor oriented.

Graphene Oxide Sheets

The interfacial assembly, and its kinetics, of graphene oxide (GO) at the water/oil interface was systematically studied. GO nanosheets were found to segregate to the water/oil interface, interact with quaternized block copolymer chains by the peripheral carboxyl groups on the GO.  If the interfacial area is decreased, the GO, assembled at and confined to the interface, jams and then buckles. An analysis of the kinetics of the assembly processes leads to the conclusion that the diffusion of GO to the interface is the rate-determining step.  The morphology of the jammed GO film was investigated, and TEM images show that GO sheets are tiled, or form a mosaic at the oil/water interface.

• Effects on Phase Behavior
• Enhancing Mobility
• Phase Selective Chemistry

A fluid, or any substance, can be in a supercritical state above its critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc). Tc and Pc denote the highest temperature and pressure at which the fluid co-exists as liquid and vapor in equilibrium. The distinguishing characteristics of supercritical fluids (SCF) are adjustable solvent strength and gas-like transport properties. The following table shows a comparison between liquid and SCFs.

We use supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) for most of our study, because of its moderate critical properties (Tc = 31 °C; Pc = 73.8 bar). Most polymers are insoluble in SC CO2, excluding amorphous fluoropolymers, polysiloxanes and some polycarbonate copolymers. Though most of the polymers fail to dissolve, they can be swollen in SC CO2. Sorption of CO2 has significant effect on the properties of the polymer. The most important effects are the depression of Tg, the enhancement of small molecules and polymer chain diffusivity within dilated or swollen polymers, and an increase in the free volume present in the polymer. Research being done in our group involves exploring and utilizing the above-noted effects in various polymeric systems. Our recent work can be broadly divided into the three categories listed below.

Effects of SCF on phase behavior and morphology of block copolymers

The influence of CO2 sorption on the closed-loop phase diagram of Polystyrene-block-poly(n-pentyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PnPMA) copolymers are shown below. Differential dilation of the constituent blocks was used to induce microphase separation of the PS-b-PnPMA. With increasing carbon dioxide loading, an appreciable expansion in the size of the closed-loop was found. At a carbon dioxide activity of 0.1, the upper order-to-disorder transition temperature (UODT) was elevated by more than 20 °C; whereas the lower disorder to-order transition temperature (LDOT) was depressed by the same magnitude. This arises from the entropic nature of the closed-loop miscibility gap in this weakly interacting system, where microphase separation is driven by disparity in free volumes between dissimilar segments of the chain.

Effect of enhanced mobility on morphology of novel block copolymers

Using a series of AnBn miktoarm star block copolymers with different numbers of arms (n = 1, 2, 4, and 16), the effect of molecular architecture on the grain growth kinetics was investigated by annealing in supercritical carbon dioxide (Figure 2). The grain growth kinetics was monitored in real space by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), followed by micrograph image analysis. It was found that the molecular architecture significantly influenced the grain growth kinetics of these AnBn star block copolymers. The grain growth kinetics for the AnBn stars with n = 2, 4, and 16 were found to be similar for both supercritical CO2 and thermal annealing. However, the grain growth kinetics of the diblock (AnBn, with n = 1) were, relative to thermal annealing, dramatically enhanced in supercritical CO2 .

(iii) Phase selective chemistry in block copolymer domains:

Enhanced diffusivity of small molecules in CO2- swollen polymer matrices can be used advantageously to deliver reactants into the block copolymer domains without disturbing the microphase separated nanostructures. Specific affinity between the reactants and one of the block copolymer domains can be manipulated to carry out phase selective reactions in block copolymer domains. Figure 3 shows the cross-section of the nanocomposite film having silver particles deposited selectively in PVP domains of the PS-b-PVP block copolymer film3. Figure 4 shows AFM image of the patterned mesoporous silicate structures obtained by performing domain selective condensation of precursors within self-assembled block copolymer templates by using supercritical CO2 as a delivery medium4. The domain selectivity is imparted by the segregation of acid catalyst into hydrophilic domains. Further, by using a photo acid generator, the presence of acid within the film can be controlled spatially via photolithography. Thus patterns at two different length scales i.e., at nanoscale from self-assembled block copolymer and microscale from photolithography can be generated simultaneously.

Domestic Collaborations

• B. Ocko (BNL)
• A. C. Balazs (U. Pittsburgh)
• C. J. Hawker (UCSB)
• Q. Wang (U. So. Carolina)
• Y.-L. Wang (UMass Worcester)
• P. Pershan (Harvard)
• D. Cookson (Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory)
• P. Thiyagarajan (Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory)
• J. Wang (Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory)
• T. Xu (UC-Berkeley)
• K. Blaisie (UPenn)
• D. Lovley (UMass Amherst)
• T. J. McCarthy (UMass Amherst)
• T. S. Emrick (UMass Amherst)
• N. Menon (UMass Amherst)
• J. J. Watkins (UMass Amherst)

International Collaborations

• U. Steiner (Cambridge U.)
• A. Boeker (U. Bayreuth)
• A. Fery (MPI Colloids, Potsdam)
• W. Knoll (MPI Polymers, Mainz)
• L. Leibler (ESPCI, Paris)
• H. Jinnai (U. Kyoto)
• J. K. Kim (POSTECH, Pohang)
• W. H. Jo (Seoul National U.)
• K. Shin (Seoul National U.)
• D. Y. Ryu (Yonsei U.

Industrial Interactions

• D. Beuchel (Seagate)
• D. Weller (Seagate)
• D. Bishop (Lucent)
• R. Jagannathan (Kodak)
• C. Black (IBM)
• K. Guarini (IBM)
• T. Irita (Daikin Ind. Ltd.)
• S. S. White (Essilor)
• M. Foure (Arkema)
• J. Goldbach (Arkema

See Current Members of the Russell Research Group

• Julie Belanger, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2006, King's College
• Malvika Bihari, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2010, SABIC Innovative Plastics
• Kyle Bryson, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2016, PepsiCo
• Jooyoung Chang, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2019, Intel
• Sirinya Chantarak, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2014, Prince of Songkla University
• Dian Chen, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2011, IGM Resins
• Jiun-Tai Chen, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2008, National Chiao Tung University
• Wei Chen, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2010, Argonne National Laboratory
• Jaewon Choi, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2017, Kyungpook National University
• Mengmeng Cui, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2016, Apple
• Jason Derouchey, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2002, University of Kentucky
• Xuan Ding, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2011, Transamerica
• Kan Du, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2010, ASML
• Tao Feng, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2016, BASF
• Sunzida Ferdous, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2015, Intel
• Zachary Fink, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2024
• Yige Gao, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2020, Dupont
• James Goldbach, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2003, Arkema
• Weiyin Gu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2013, Seagate Technology
• Xiaodan Gu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2014, The University of Southern Mississippi
• Yu Gu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2014, DuPont (China) R&D Center
• Hongrui Guo, M.S. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2012
• Suresh Gupta, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2008, Applied Materials
• Jinbo He, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2009, Microvast, Inc.
• Xiaochuan Hu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2006, Avery Dennison
• Yunxia Hu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2011, Tianjin Polytechnic University
• Elbert Huang, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2000, IBM Almaden Research Center
• Jiangshui Huang, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2010, CNPC USA
• Narupol Intasanta, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2007, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC)
• Gajin Jeong, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2017, Intel
• Scott Kennedy, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2002, Verily (Formerly Google Life Sciences)
• Bokyung Kim, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2010, Hyundai Motor Company
• Hyeyoung Kim, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2019, LG Chem
• Paul Young Kim, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2017, Intel
• Seokhyoung Kim, M.S. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2013, Michigan State University
• Kristopher Lavery, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2005, Verily Life Sciences
• Le Li, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2012, Mitsui Chemicals America, Inc.
• Yao Lin, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2005, University of Connecticut
• Zhiqun Lin, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2003, National University of Singapore
• Feng Liu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2014, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
• Kathleen McEnnis, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2013, New Jersey Institute of Technology
• Alex McGlasson, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2024
• Daniel Miranda, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2012, W. L Gore
• K Amanda Misner, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2005, Boral
• Matthew Misner, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2006, GE Global Research
• Sivakumar Nagarajan, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2008, Intel Corporation
• Michael Pollard, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2001, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
• Lee Rockford, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2001, Intel Corporation
• Xiaobo Shen, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2015, Infineum USA L.P.
• Dongseok Shin, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2007, LG Chem
• James Sievert, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2006, Reynolds American Inc.
• Satyam Srivastava, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2023, UMD College Park
• Christopher Stafford, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2002, Materials Science & Engineering Division, National Institute
• Zhiwei Sun, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2017, LAM Research
• Ravisubhash Tangirala, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2009, Sila Nanotechnologies
• Carolyn Telfer, M.S. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2023
• Kamil Toga, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2014, Avomeen Analytical Service
• Irene Tsai, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2004, Menicon Singapore Pte Ltd
• Hsin-Wei Wang, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2016, Intel
• Jia-Yu Wang, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2008, The University of Chicago
• Xinyu Wei, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2012, Henkel
• Yao Wu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2022, Applied Materials
• Ji Xu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2011, Workday
• Ting Xu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2004, University of California, Berkeley
• Duk Man Yu, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2019, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
• Qingling Zhang, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2008, BASF Automotive OEM Coating
• Wei Zhao, Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering, 2013, South China Normal University

• Handan Akpinar, Postdoc (2014 - 2014)
• Martha Azuero, Postdoc (2005 - 00/0)
• Joonwon Bae, Postdoc (2005 - 00/0)
• Kevin Cavicchi, Postdoc (2003 - 2005), The University of Akron
• Eduardo Silva Cruz, Postdoc (2011 - 2020)
• Liming Ding, Postdoc (2005 - 2007), OPV Lab
• Sung Woo Hong, Postdoc (2008 - 2012), Korea Institute of Industrial Technology
• Qin Hu, Postdoc (2017 - 2020)
• Caili Huang, Postdoc (2015 - 2018), Huzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
• Jea Woong Jo, Postdoc (2012 - 2013)
• Jae Woong Jung, Postdoc (2011 - 2011)
• Bokyung Kim, Postdoc (2011 - gone), Hyundai Motor Company
• Jung-Keun Kim, Postdoc (2010 - 2012)
• Paul Kim, Postdoc (2017 - 2018)
• Haeng-Deog Koh, Postdoc (2008 - 2010)
• Dong-Hyun Lee, Postdoc (2008 - 2010), Dankook University
• Yong Hoon Lee, Postdoc (2013 - 2013)
• Yao Liu, Postdoc (2013 - 2018)
• Haiyun Lu, Postdoc (2008 - 2011)
• Huiming Mao, Postdoc (2008 - 2008), W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
• Huarong Nie, Postdoc (2011 - 2013)
• Joseph Paulsen, Postdoc (2013 - 2014)
• Anatoli Serghei, Postdoc (2008 - 2010), CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique
• Kyusoon Shin, Postdoc (2003 - 2005), Korea Electronics Technology Institute
• Hongqi Xiang, Postdoc (2002 - 2005), Cabot Microelectronics, Inc.
• Ganhua Xie, Postdoc (2017 - 2019), University of Massachusetts Amherst
• Chang Xu, Postdoc (2006 - 00/0)
• Ling Yang, Postdoc (2006 - 2008), Intertek
• Mingfu Zhang, Postdoc (2004 - 2006), Johns Mansville
• Yuexing Zhang, Postdoc (2013 - 2013)
• Ali Zolali, Postdoc (2019 - 2020)

Kumar, D.; Russell, T. P.; Davidovitch, B.; Menon, N., Stresses in thin sheets at fluid interfaces. Nature Materials 2020, 19(7), 690-693. DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0640-9.

Sun, H.; Li, L.; Russell, T. P.; Shi, S., Photoresponsive Structured Liquids Enabled by Molecular Recognition at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020, 142(19), 8591-8595. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02555.

Xie, G.; Forth, J.; Zhu, S.; Helms, B. A.; Ashby, P. D.; Shum, H. C.; Russell, T. P., Hanging droplets from liquid surfaces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2020, 117(15), 8360-8365. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922045117

Srivastava, S.; Ribbe, A. E.; Russell, T. P.; Hoagland, D. A., In Situ Electron Microscopy of Poly(ethylene glycol) Crystals Grown in Thin Ionic Liquids Films. Journal of Polymer Science 2020, 58(3), 478-486. DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190120.

He, C.; Christensen, P. R.; Seguin, T. J.; Dailing, E. A.; Wood, B. M.; Walde, R. K.; Persson, K. A.; Russell, T. P.; Helms, B. A., Conformational Entropy as a Means to Control the Behavior of Poly(diketoenamine) Vitrimers In and Out of Equilibrium. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020, 59(2), 735-739. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912223.

Hu, K. L.; Wei, T. T.; Li, H. X.; He, C. F.; Yang, H. K.; Russell, T. P.; Wang, D., Interfacial Broadening Kinetics between , a Network and a Linear Polymer and Their Composites Prepared by Melt Blending. Macromolecules 2019, 52(24), 9759-9765. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02114.

Shi, S.; Qian, B.; Wu, X.; Sun, H.; Wang, H.; Zhang, H. B.; Yu, Z. Z.; Russell, T. P., Self-Assembly of MXene-Surfactants at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: From Structured Liquids to 3D Aerogels. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58(50), 18171-18176. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908402.

Cain, J. D.; Azizi, A.; Maleski, K.; Anasori, B.; Glazer, E. C.; Kim, P. Y.; Gogotsi, Y.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P.; Zettl, A., Sculpting Liquids with Two-Dimensional Materials: The Assembly of Ti3C2Tx MXene Sheets at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. ACS Nano 2019, 13(11), 12385-12392. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05088.

Toor, A.; Forth, J.; Bochner de Araujo, S.; Merola, M. C.; Jiang, Y.; Liu, X.; Chai, Y.; Hou, H.; Ashby, P. D.; Fuller, G. G.; Russell, T. P., Mechanical Properties of Solidifying Assemblies of Nanoparticle Surfactants at the Oil-Water Interface. Langmuir 2019, 35(41), 13340-13350. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01575.

Xie, G. H.; Forth, J.; Chai, Y.; Ashby, P. D.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P., Compartmentalized, All-Aqueous Flow-Through-Coordinated Reaction Systems. Chem 2019, 5(10), 2678-2690. DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.07.016.

He, C.; Shi, S.; Wang, D.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P., Poly(oxime-ester) Vitrimers with Catalyst-Free Bond Exchange. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2019, 141(35), 13753-13757. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06668.

Yu, D. M.; Smith, D. M.; Kim, H.; Rzayev, J.; Russell, T. P., Two-Step Chemical Transformation of Polystyrene-block-poly(solketal acrylate) Copolymers for Increasing chi. Macromolecules 2019, 52(17), 6458-6466. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01323.

Hou, H.; Li, J.; Li, X.; Forth, J.; Yin, J.; Jiang, X.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P., Interfacial Activity of Amine-Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS): A Simple Strategy To Structure Liquids. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58(30), 10142-10147. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903420.

Liu, X.; Kent, N.; Ceballos, A.; Streubel, R.; Jiang, Y.; Chai, Y.; Kim, P. Y.; Forth, J.; Hellman, F.; Shi, S.; Wang, D.; Helms, B. A.; Ashby, P. D.; Fischer, P.; Russell, T. P., Reconfigurable ferromagnetic liquid droplets. Science 2019, 365(6450), 264-267. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8719.

Forth, J.; Kim, P. Y.; Xie, G.; Liu, X.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P., Building Reconfigurable Devices Using Complex Liquid-Fluid Interfaces. Advanced Materials 2019, 31(18), 1806370. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806370.

Yu, D. M.; Smith, D. M.; Kim, H.; Mapas, J. K. D.; Rzayev, J.; Russell, T. P., Morphological Evolution of Poly(solketal methacrylate)-block-polystyrene Copolymers in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2019, 52(10), 3592-3600. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00488.

Liu, Y.; Sheri, M.; Cole, M. D.; Yu, D. M.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P., Transforming Ionene Polymers into Efficient Cathode Interlayers with Pendent Fullerenes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58(17), 5677-5681. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901536.

Kim, P. Y.; Gao, Y.; Chai, Y.; Ashby, P. D.; Ribbe, A. E.; Hoagland, D. A.; Russell, T. P., Assessing Pair Interaction Potentials of Nanoparticles on Liquid Interfaces. ACS Nano 2019, 13(3), 3075-3082. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08189.

Wen, Y.; Kim, P. Y.; Shi, S.; Wang, D.; Man, X.; Doi, M.; Russell, T. P., Vapor-induced motion of two pure liquid droplets. Soft Matter 2019, 15(10), 2135-2139. DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02584c.

Sun, H. L.; Yu, D. M.; Shi, S. W.; Yuan, Q. Q.; Fujinami, S.; Sun, X. L.; Wang, D.; Russell, T. P., Configurationally Constrained Crystallization of Brush Polymers with Poly(ethylene oxide) Side Chains. Macromolecules 2019, 52(2), 592-600. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02265.

Kim, H.; Arras, M. M. L.; Mahalik, J. P.; Wang, W. Y.; Yu, D. M.; Chernyy, S.; Goswami, M.; Kumar, R.; Sumpter, B. G.; Hong, K. L.; Smith, G. S.; Russell, T. P., Studies on the 3-Lamellar Morphology of Miktoarm Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2018, 51(19), 7491-7499. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01548.

Hou, H.; Hu, K.; Lin, H.; Forth, J.; Zhang, W.; Russell, T. P.; Yin, J.; Jiang, X., Reversible Surface Patterning by Dynamic Crosslink Gradients: Controlling Buckling in 2D. Advanced Materials 2018, 30(36), 1803463. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803463.

Abd-El-Aziz, A. S.; Antonietti, M.; Barner-Kowollik, C.; Binder, W. H.; Boker, A.; Boyer, C.; Buchmeiser, M. R.; Cheng, S. Z. D.; D'Agosto, F.; Floudas, G.; Frey, H.; Galli, G.; Genzer, J.; Hartmann, L.; Hoogenboom, R.; Ishizone, T.; Kaplan, D. L.; Leclerc, M.; Lendlein, A.; Liu, B.; Long, T. E.; Ludwigs, S.; Lutz, J. F.; Matyjaszewski, K.; Meier, M. A. R.; Mullen, K.; Mullner, M.; Rieger, B.; Russell, T. P.; Savin, D. A.; Schluter, A. D.; Schubert, U. S.; Seiffert, S.; Severing, K.; Soares, J. B. P.; Staffilani, M.; Sumerlin, B. S.; Sun, Y. M.; Tang, B. Z.; Tang, C. B.; Theato, P.; Tirelli, N.; Tsui, O. K. C.; Unterlass, M. M.; Vana, P.; Voit, B.; Vyazovkin, S.; Weder, C.; Wiesner, U.; Wong, W. Y.; Wu, C.; Yagci, Y.; Yuan, J. Y.; Zhang, G. Z., The Next 100 Years of Polymer Science. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2020, 221(16), 2000216. DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000216.

Fan, P.; Zhang, D. Y.; Wu, Y.; Yu, J. S.; Russell, T. P., Polymer-Modified ZnO Nanoparticles as Electron Transport Layer for Polymer-Based Solar Cells. Advanced Functional Materials 2020, 30(32), 2002932. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002932.

Gao, K.; Kan, Y.; Chen, X.; Liu, F.; Kan, B.; Nian, L.; Wan, X.; Chen, Y.; Peng, X.; Russell, T. P.; Cao, Y.; Jen, A. K., Low-Bandgap Porphyrins for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Morphology, and Applications. Advanced Materials 2020, 32(32), 1906129. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906129.

Hu, Q.; Chen, W.; Yang, W. Q.; Li, Y.; Zhou, Y. C.; Larson, B. W.; Johnson, J. C.; Lu, Y. H.; Zhong, W. K.; Xu, J. Q.; Klivansky, L.; Wang, C.; Salmeron, M.; Djurisic, A. B.; Liu, F.; He, Z. B.; Zhu, R.; Russell, T. P., Improving Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by A Near-Infrared-Absorbing Moisture Barrier. Joule 2020, 4(7), 1575-1593. DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.06.007.

Jiang, Y.; Chakroun, R.; Gu, P.; Groschel, A. H.; Russell, T. P., Soft Polymer Janus Nanoparticles at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020, 59(31), 12751-12755. DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004162.

Kumar, D.; Russell, T. P.; Davidovitch, B.; Menon, N., Stresses in thin sheets at fluid interfaces. Nature Materials 2020, 19(7), 690-693. DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0640-9.

Zhong, W. K.; Hu, Q.; Ying, L.; Jiang, Y. F.; Li, K.; Zeng, Z. M. Y.; Liu, F.; Wang, C.; Russell, T. P.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y., Manipulating Film Morphology of All-Polymer Solar Cells by Incorporating Polymer Compatibilizer. Solar Rrl 2020, 4(7), 2000148. DOI: 10.1002/solr.202000148.

Liu, M.; Fan, P.; Hu, Q.; Russell, T. P.; Liu, Y., Naphthalene-Diimide-Based Ionenes as Universal Interlayers for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020. DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004432.

Luo, D. Y.; Zou, T. Y.; Yang, W. Q.; Xiang, B.; Yang, X. Y.; Wang, Y.; Su, R.; Zhao, L. C.; Zhu, R.; Zhou, H.; Russell, T. P.; Yu, H. Y.; Lu, Z. H., Low-Dimensional Contact Layers for Enhanced Perovskite Photodiodes. Advanced Functional Materials 2020, 30(24), 2001692. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202001692.

Streubel, R.; Liu, X.; Wu, X.; Russell, T. P., Perspective: Ferromagnetic Liquids. Materials 2020, 13(12), 2712. DOI: 10.3390/ma13122712.

Yuan, Q.; Xue, H.; Lv, J.; Wang, J.; Shi, S.; Russell, T. P.; Wang, D., Size-Dependent Interfacial Assembly of Graphene Oxide at Water-Oil Interfaces. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2020, 124(23), 4835-4842. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02687.

Li, T.; Yang, L.; Wu, Y.; Wang, J.; Jia, B.; Hu, Q.; Russell, T. P.; Zhan, X., Comparison of Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors with One- and Multidimensional Conformations. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020, 12(21), 23976-23983. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04674.

Sun, H.; Li, L.; Russell, T. P.; Shi, S., Photoresponsive Structured Liquids Enabled by Molecular Recognition at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020, 142(19), 8591-8595. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02555.

Gu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Russell, T. P., Fullerene-Based Interlayers for Breaking Energy Barriers in Organic Solar Cells. Chempluschem 2020, 85(4), 751-759. DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000082.

Wu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P., Polymer design to promote low work function surfaces in organic electronics. Progress in Polymer Science 2020, 103. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101222.

Xie, G.; Forth, J.; Zhu, S.; Helms, B. A.; Ashby, P. D.; Shum, H. C.; Russell, T. P., Hanging droplets from liquid surfaces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2020, 117(15), 8360-8365. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922045117.

Xu, R.; Liu, T.; Sun, H.; Wang, B.; Shi, S.; Russell, T. P., Interfacial Assembly and Jamming of Polyelectrolyte Surfactants: A Simple Route To Print Liquids in Low-Viscosity Solution. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020, 12(15), 18116-18122. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00577.

Qian, B.; Shi, S.; Wang, H.; Russell, T. P., Reconfigurable Liquids Stabilized by DNA Surfactants. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020, 12(11), 13551-13557. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01487.

Zhao, S.; Li, L. L.; Zhang, H. B.; Qian, B. Q.; Luo, J. Q.; Deng, Z. M.; Shi, S. W.; Russell, T. P.; Yu, Z. Z., Janus MXene nanosheets for macroscopic assemblies. Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2020, 4(3), 910-917. DOI: 10.1039/c9qm00681h.

Srivastava, S.; Ribbe, A. E.; Russell, T. P.; Hoagland, D. A., In Situ Electron Microscopy of Poly(ethylene glycol) Crystals Grown in Thin Ionic Liquids Films. Journal of Polymer Science 2020, 58(3), 478-486. DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190120.

Xu, Z.; Pan, F.; Sun, C.; Hong, S.; Chen, S.; Yang, C.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Russell, T. P.; Li, Y.; Wang, D., Understanding the Morphology of High-Performance Solar Cells Based on a Low-Cost Polymer Donor. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020, 12(8), 9537-9544. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22666.

Solis de la Fuente, M.; Kaur, S.; Hu, Q.; Barnard, E. S.; Dudenas, P.; Kusoglu, A.; Russell, T. P.; Urban, J. J.; Prasher, R., Enhanced Charge Carrier Transport in 2D Perovskites by Incorporating Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene. ACS Energy Letters 2019, 5(1), 109-116. DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01821.

He, C.; Christensen, P. R.; Seguin, T. J.; Dailing, E. A.; Wood, B. M.; Walde, R. K.; Persson, K. A.; Russell, T. P.; Helms, B. A., Conformational Entropy as a Means to Control the Behavior of Poly(diketoenamine) Vitrimers In and Out of Equilibrium. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020, 59(2), 735-739. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912223.

Yang, W. Q.; Su, R.; Luo, D. Y.; Hu, Q.; Zhang, F.; Xu, Z. J.; Wang, Z. P.; Tang, J. L.; Lv, Z.; Yang, X. Y.; Tu, Y. G.; Zhang, W.; Zhong, H. Z.; Gong, Q. H.; Russell, T. P.; Zhu, R., Surface modification induced by perovskite quantum dots for triple-cation perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy 2020, 67. DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104189.

Hu, K. L.; Wei, T. T.; Li, H. X.; He, C. F.; Yang, H. K.; Russell, T. P.; Wang, D., Interfacial Broadening Kinetics between , a Network and a Linear Polymer and Their Composites Prepared by Melt Blending. Macromolecules 2019, 52(24), 9759-9765. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02114.

Jia, B.; Wang, J.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, M.; Jiang, Y.; Tang, Z.; Russell, T. P.; Zhan, X., Enhancing the Performance of a Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor by Unidirectional Extension. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2019, 141(48), 19023-19031. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08988.

Shi, S.; Qian, B.; Wu, X.; Sun, H.; Wang, H.; Zhang, H. B.; Yu, Z. Z.; Russell, T. P., Self-Assembly of MXene-Surfactants at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: From Structured Liquids to 3D Aerogels. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58(50), 18171-18176. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908402.

Sun, S. Q.; Hu, F. Y.; Russell, T. P.; Wang, D.; Zhang, L. Q., Probing the structural evolution in deformed isoprene rubber by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Polymer 2019, 185. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121926.

Cain, J. D.; Azizi, A.; Maleski, K.; Anasori, B.; Glazer, E. C.; Kim, P. Y.; Gogotsi, Y.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P.; Zettl, A., Sculpting Liquids with Two-Dimensional Materials: The Assembly of Ti3C2Tx MXene Sheets at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. ACS Nano 2019, 13(11), 12385-12392. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05088.

Fan, Q. P.; Su, W. Y.; Zhang, M.; Wu, J. N.; Jiang, Y. F.; Guo, X.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhang, M. J.; Li, Y. F., Synergistic Effects of Side-Chain Engineering and Fluorination on Small Molecule Acceptors to Simultaneously Broaden Spectral Response and Minimize Voltage Loss for 13.8% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. Solar Rrl 2019, 3(11), 1900169. DOI: 10.1002/solr.201900169.

Li, X.; Zhang, Y.; Fu, M.; Tang, Y.; Yin, S.; Ma, Z.; Dai, H.; Li, H.; Gao, H.; Russell, T. P.; An, Q., Using a Graphene-Polyelectrolyte Complex Reducing Agent To Promote Cracking in Single-Crystalline Gold Nanoplates. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019, 11(44), 41602-41610. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16500.

Chen, W.; Sun, H. L.; Hu, Q.; Djurisic, A. B.; Russell, T. P.; Guo, X. G.; He, Z. B., High Short-Circuit Current Density via Integrating the Perovskite and Ternary Organic Bulk Heterojunction. ACS Energy Letters 2019, 4(10), 2535-2536. DOI: 10.1021/acsenerglett.9b01964.

Toor, A.; Forth, J.; Bochner de Araujo, S.; Merola, M. C.; Jiang, Y.; Liu, X.; Chai, Y.; Hou, H.; Ashby, P. D.; Fuller, G. G.; Russell, T. P., Mechanical Properties of Solidifying Assemblies of Nanoparticle Surfactants at the Oil-Water Interface. Langmuir 2019, 35(41), 13340-13350. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01575.

Xie, G. H.; Forth, J.; Chai, Y.; Ashby, P. D.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P., Compartmentalized, All-Aqueous Flow-Through-Coordinated Reaction Systems. Chem 2019, 5(10), 2678-2690. DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.07.016.

He, C.; Shi, S.; Wang, D.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P., Poly(oxime-ester) Vitrimers with Catalyst-Free Bond Exchange. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2019, 141(35), 13753-13757. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06668.

Yu, D. M.; Smith, D. M.; Kim, H.; Rzayev, J.; Russell, T. P., Two-Step Chemical Transformation of Polystyrene-block-poly(solketal acrylate) Copolymers for Increasing chi. Macromolecules 2019, 52(17), 6458-6466. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01323.

Gu, P. Y.; Chai, Y.; Hou, H.; Xie, G.; Jiang, Y.; Xu, Q. F.; Liu, F.; Ashby, P. D.; Lu, J. M.; Russell, T. P., Stabilizing Liquids Using Interfacial Supramolecular Polymerization. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58(35), 12112-12116. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906339.

Xiao, L. G.; Li, Z. D.; Hu, Q.; Liu, Y. W.; Zhong, W. K.; Mei, X. L.; Russell, T. P.; Liu, Y.; Min, Y.; Peng, X. B.; Cao, Y., Improving the efficiencies of small molecule solar cells by solvent vapor annealing to enhance J-aggregation. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2019, 7(31), 9618-9624. DOI: 10.1039/c9tc02630d.

Hou, H.; Li, J.; Li, X.; Forth, J.; Yin, J.; Jiang, X.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P., Interfacial Activity of Amine-Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS): A Simple Strategy To Structure Liquids. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58(30), 10142-10147. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903420.

Liu, X.; Kent, N.; Ceballos, A.; Streubel, R.; Jiang, Y.; Chai, Y.; Kim, P. Y.; Forth, J.; Hellman, F.; Shi, S.; Wang, D.; Helms, B. A.; Ashby, P. D.; Fischer, P.; Russell, T. P., Reconfigurable ferromagnetic liquid droplets. Science 2019, 365(6450), 264-267. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8719.

Meng, Y.; Wu, J. N.; Guo, X.; Su, W. Y.; Zhu, L.; Fang, J.; Zhang, Z. G.; Liu, F.; Zhang, M. J.; Russell, T. P.; Li, Y. F., 11.2% Efficiency all-polymer solar cells with high open-circuit voltage. Science China-Chemistry 2019, 62(7), 845-850. DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9466-6.

Zhong, W. K.; Hu, Q.; Jiang, Y. F.; Li, Y.; Chen, T. L.; Ying, L.; Liu, F.; Wang, C.; Liu, Y.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y.; Russell, T. P., In Situ Structure Characterization in Slot-Die-Printed All-Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 9%. Solar Rrl 2019, 3(7), 1900032. DOI: 10.1002/solr.201900032.

Forth, J.; Kim, P. Y.; Xie, G.; Liu, X.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P., Building Reconfigurable Devices Using Complex Liquid-Fluid Interfaces. Advanced Materials 2019, 31(18), 1806370. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806370.

Wu, X. F.; Yuan, Q. Q.; Liu, S. Y.; Shi, S. W.; Russell, T. P.; Wang, D., Nanorod-Surfactant Assemblies and Their Interfacial Behavior at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. ACS Macro Letters 2019, 8(5), 512-518. DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00134.

Yu, D. M.; Smith, D. M.; Kim, H.; Mapas, J. K. D.; Rzayev, J.; Russell, T. P., Morphological Evolution of Poly(solketal methacrylate)-block-polystyrene Copolymers in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2019, 52(10), 3592-3600. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00488.

Liu, Y.; Sheri, M.; Cole, M. D.; Yu, D. M.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P., Transforming Ionene Polymers into Efficient Cathode Interlayers with Pendent Fullerenes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58(17), 5677-5681. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901536.

Stel, B.; Gunkel, I.; Gu, X.; Russell, T. P.; De Yoreo, J. J.; Lingenfelder, M., Contrasting Chemistry of Block Copolymer Films Controls the Dynamics of Protein Self-Assembly at the Nanoscale. ACS Nano 2019, 13(4), 4018-4027. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08013.

Feng, W.; Chai, Y.; Forth, J.; Ashby, P. D.; Russell, T. P.; Helms, B. A., Harnessing liquid-in-liquid printing and micropatterned substrates to fabricate 3-dimensional all-liquid fluidic devices. Nature Communications 2019, 10(1), 1095. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09042-y.

Kim, P. Y.; Gao, Y.; Chai, Y.; Ashby, P. D.; Ribbe, A. E.; Hoagland, D. A.; Russell, T. P., Assessing Pair Interaction Potentials of Nanoparticles on Liquid Interfaces. ACS Nano 2019, 13(3), 3075-3082. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08189.

Li, Y.; Cole, M. D.; Gao, Y. G.; Emrick, T.; Xu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Russell, T. P., High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with a Non-doped Small Molecule Hole Transporting Layer. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2019, 2(3), 1634-1641. DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.9b00164.

Song, J. J.; Bhattacharya, R.; Kim, H.; Chang, J.; Tang, T. Y.; Guo, H.; Ghosh, S. K.; Yang, Y.; Jiang, Z.; Kim, H.; Russell, T. P.; Arya, G.; Narayanan, S.; Sinha, S. K., One-Dimensional Anomalous Diffusion of Gold Nanoparticles in a Polymer Melt. Physical Review Letters 2019, 122(10), 107802. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.107802.

Wen, Y.; Kim, P. Y.; Shi, S.; Wang, D.; Man, X.; Doi, M.; Russell, T. P., Vapor-induced motion of two pure liquid droplets. Soft Matter 2019, 15(10), 2135-2139. DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02584c.

Sun, H. L.; Yu, D. M.; Shi, S. W.; Yuan, Q. Q.; Fujinami, S.; Sun, X. L.; Wang, D.; Russell, T. P., Configurationally Constrained Crystallization of Brush Polymers with Poly(ethylene oxide) Side Chains. Macromolecules 2019, 52(2), 592-600. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02265.

Wang, D.; Russell, T. P. Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy for Probing Polymer Structure and Properties. Macromolecules 2018, 51, 3-24.

Xiao, B.; Song, J.; Guo, B.; Zhang, M.; Li, W.; Zhou, R.; Liu, J.; Wang, H.-B.; Zhang, M.; Luo, G.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P. Improved Photocurrent and Efficiency of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Despite Higher Charge Recombination. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 957-962.

Fan, Q.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, M.; Wu, B.; Guo, X.; Jiang, Y.; Li, W.; Guo, B.; Ye, C.; Su, W.; Fang, J.; Ou, X.; Liu, F.; Wei, Z.; Sum, T. C.; Russell, T. P.; Li, Y. High‐Performance as‐Cast Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Thicker Active Layer and Large Area Exceeding 11% Power Conversion Efficiency. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704546.

Zhang, W.; Sun, Z.; Jiang, Y.; Liu, X.; Gupta, R.; Russell, T. P.; Bryan Coughlin, E. Tuning Microdomain Spacing with Light Using Ortho‐Nitrobenzyl‐Linked Triblock Copolymers. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 355-361.

Li, S.; Zhan, L.; Liu, F.; Ren, J.; Shi, M.; Li, C. Z.; Russell, T. P.; Chen, H. An Unfused‐Core‐Based Nonfullerene Acceptor Enables High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Excellent Morphological Stability at High Temperatures. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1705208.

Liu, Y.; Page, Z. A.; Zhou, D.; Duzhko, V. V.; Kittilstved, K. R.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P. Chemical Stabilization of Perovskite Solar Cells with Functional Fulleropyrrolidines. ACS Central Science 2018, 4, 216-222.

Shi, S.; Liu, X.; Li, Y.; Wu, X.; Wang, D.; Forth, J.; Russell, T. P. Liquid Letters. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1705800, Youtube movie "https://youtu.be/dK2bDpPW50c".

Zhang, Z.; Yu, J.; Yin, X.; Hu, Z.; Jiang, Y.; Sun, J.; Zhou, J.; Zhang, F.; Russell, T. P.; Liu, F.; Tang, W. Conformation Locking on Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptor for High‐Performance Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1705095.

Lin, Y.; Jin, Y.; Dong, S.; Zheng, W.; Yang, J.; Liu, A.; Liu, F.; Jiang, Y.; Russell, T. P.; Zhang, F.; Huang, F.; Hou, L. Printed Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with the Highest Efficiency of 9.5%. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1701942.

Yu, D. M.; Mapas, J. K. D.; Kim, H.; Choi, J.; Ribbe, A. E.; Rzayev, J.; Russell, T. P. Evaluation of the Interaction Parameter for Poly (Solketal Methacrylate)-block-polystyrene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018, 51, 1031-1040.

Kim, H.; Kang, B.-G.; Choi, J.; Sun, Z.; Yu, D. M.; Mays, J.; Russell, T. P. Morphological Behavior of A2B Block Copolymers in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2018, 51, 1181-1188.

Chernyy, S.; Kirkensgaard, J. J. K.; Mahalik, J. P.; Kim, H.; Arras, M. M.; Kumar, R.; Sumpter, B. G.; Smith, G. S.; Mortensen, K.; Russell, T. P.; Almdal, K. Bulk and Surface Morphologies of ABC Miktoarm Star Terpolymers Composed of PDMS, PI, and PMMA Arms. Macromolecules 2018, 51, 1041-1051.

Lee, D.-E.; Ryu, J.; Hong, D.; Park, S.; Lee, D. H.; Russell, T. P. Directed Self-Assembly of Asymmetric Block Copolymers in Thin Films Driven by Uniaxially Aligned Topographic Patterns. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 1642-1649.

Qunping, F.; Wenyan, S.; Yan, W.; Bing, G.; Yufeng, J.; Xia, G.; Feng, L.; Russell, T. P.; Maojie, Z.; Yongfang, L. Synergistic Effect of Fluorination on Both Donor and Acceptor Materials for High Performance Non-Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells with 13.5% Efficiency. Science China: Chemistry 2018, 61, 531-537.

Kumar, D.; Paulsen, J. D.; Russell, T. P.; Menon, N. Wrapping with a Splash: High-Speed Encapsulation with Ultrathin Sheets. Science 2018, 359, 775-778, Youtube movie "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbj1W1mZI9o".
Perspective : Amstad, E. Capsules Made from Prefabricated Thin Films. Science 2018, 359, 743-743.

Choi, J.; Li, Y.; Kim, P. Y.; Liu, F.; Kim, H.; Yu, D. M.; Huh, J.; Carter, K. R.; Russell, T. P. Orthogonally Aligned Block Copolymer Line Patterns on Minimal Topographic Patterns. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 8324-8332.

Renna, L. A.; Liu, Y.; Russell, T. P.; Bag, M.; Venkataraman, D. Evidence of Tunable Macroscopic Polarization in Perovskite Films Using Photo-Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. Mater. Lett. 2018, 217, 308-311.

Kim, P. Y.; Dinsmore, A. D.; Hoagland, D.; Russell, T. P. Wetting, Meniscus Structure, and Capillary Interactions of Microspheres Bound to a Cylindrical Liquid Interface. Soft Matter 2018, 14, 2131-2141.

Lin, Y.; Dong, S.; Li, Z.; Zheng, W.; Yang, J.; Liu, A.; Cai, W.; Liu, F.; Jiang, Y.; Russell, T. P.; Huang, F.; Wang, E.; Hou, L. Energy-Effectively Printed All-Polymer Solar Cells Exceeding 8.61% Efficiency. Nano Energy 2018, 46, 428-435.

Liu, Y.; Cole, M. D.; Jiang, Y.; Kim, P. Y.; Nordlund, D.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P. Chemical and Morphological Control of Interfacial Self‐Doping for Efficient Organic Electronics. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1705976.

Toor, A.; Lamb, S.; Helms, B.; Russell, T. Reconfigurable Microfluidic Droplets Stabilized by Nanoparticle Surfactants. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 2365-2372.

Huang, C.; Chai, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Forth, J.; Ashby, P. D.; Arras, M. M. L.; Hong, K.; Smith, G. S.; Yin, P.; Russell, T. P. The Interfacial Assembly of Polyoxometalate Nanoparticle Surfactants. Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 2525-2529.

Forth, J.; Liu, X.; Hasnain, J.; Toor, A.; Miszta, K.; Shi, S.; Geissler, P. L.; Emrick, T.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P. Reconfigurable Printed Liquids. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1707603.

Qin, X.; Han, B.; Lu, J.; Wang, Z.; Sun, Z.; Wang, D.; Russell, T. P.; Zhang, L.; Liu, J. Rational Design of Advanced Elastomer Nanocomposites Towards Extremely Energy-Saving Tires Based on Macromolecular Assembly Strategy. Nano Energy 2018, 48, 180-188.

Smith, E. C.; Ellis, C. L.; Javaid, H.; Renna, L. A.; Liu, Y.; Russell, T. P.; Bag, M.; Venkataraman, D. Interplay between Ion Transport, Applied Bias and Degradation under Illumination in Hybrid Perovskite Pin Devices. J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122, 13986-13994.

He, C.; Shi, S.; Wu, X.; Russell, T. P.; Wang, D. Atomic Force Microscopy Nanomechanical Mapping Visualizes Interfacial Broadening between Networks Due to Chemical Exchange Reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 6793-6796.

Wu, X.; Shi, S.; Yu, Z.; Russell, T. P.; Wang, D. AFM Nanomechanical Mapping and Nanothermal Analysis Reveal Enhanced Crystallization at the Surface of a Semicrystalline Polymer. Polymer 2018, 146, 188-195.

Liu, Y.; Sheri, M.; Cole, M. D.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P. Combining Fullerenes and Zwitterions in Non‐Conjugated Polymer Interlayers to Raise Solar Cell Efficiency. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 9675-9678.

Zheng, Z.; Hu, Q.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, D.; Wang, J.; Xie, S.; Wang, R.; Qin, Y.; Li, W.; Hong, L.; Liang, N.; Liu, F.; Zhang, Y.; Wei, Z.; Tang, Z.; Russell, T. P.; Hou, J.; Zhou, H. A Highly Efficient Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cell with a Fill Factor over 0.80 Enabled by a Fine‐Tuned Hole‐Transporting Layer. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1801801.

Dai, X.; Li, H.; Ren, Z.; Russell, T. P.; Yan, S.; Sun, X. Confinement Effects on the Crystallization of Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate). Macromolecules 2018, 51, 5732-5741.

Shi, S.; Russell, T. P. Nanoparticle Assembly at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: From the Nanoscale to Mesoscale. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800714.

Lai, T.; Liu, X.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Liu, Y.; Huang, F.; Peng, X.; Cao, Y. Low-Bandgap Dimeric Porphyrin for 10% Efficiency Solar Cells with Small Photon Energy Loss. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 18469-18478.

Nian, L.; Kan, Y.; Wang, H.; Gao, K.; Xu, B.; Rong, Q.; Wang, R.; Wang, J.; Liu, F.; Chen, J.; Zhou, G.; Russell, T. P.; Jen, A. K.-Y. Ternary Non-Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells with 13.51% Efficiency and a Record-High Fill Factor of 78.13%. Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 3392-3399.

Zhong, L.; Li, Y.; Bin, H.; Zhang, M.; Huang, H.; Hu, Q.; Jiang, Z.-Q.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhang, Z.-G.; Zhang, Z.; Li, Y. Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Based-on Two Polymer Donors with Similar Homo Levels and an Organic Acceptor with Absorption Extending to 850 nm. Org. Electron. 2018, 62, 89-94.

Su, W.; Meng, Y.; Guo, X.; Fan, Q.; Zhang, M.; Jiang, Y.; Xu, Z.; Dai, Y.; Xie, B.; Liu, F.; Zhang, M.; Russell, T. P., Li, Y. Efficient and Thermally Stable All-Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Fluorinated Wide Bandgap Polymer Donor with High Crystallinity. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 16403-16411.

Hou, H.; Hu, K.; Lin, H.; Forth, J.; Zhang, W.; Russell, T. P.; Yin, J.; Jiang, X. Reversible Surface Patterning by Dynamic Crosslink Gradients: Controlling Buckling in 2D. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1803463.

Chang, J.; Toga, K. B.; Paulsen, J. D.; Menon, N.; Russell, T. P. Thickness Dependence of the Young’s Modulus of Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2018, 51, 6764-6770.

Zhang, Q.; Xu, X.; Chen, S.; Bodedla, G. B.; Sun, M.; Hu, Q.; Peng, Q.; Huang, B.; Ke, H.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhu, X. Phenylene-Bridged Perylenediimide-Porphyrin Acceptors for Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Sustainable Energy Fuels 2018, 2, 2616-2624.

Kim, H.; Arras, M. M. L.; Mahalik, J. P.; Wang, W.; Yu, D. M.; Chernyy, S.; Goswami, M.; Kumar, R.; Sumpter, B. G.; Hong, K.; Smith, G. S.; Russell, T. P. Studies on the 3-Lamellar Morphology of Miktoarm Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2018, 51, 7491-7499.

Zhao, W.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, X.; Hu, X.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhou, G. Highly Oriented and Ordered Microstructures in Block Copolymer Films. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1369-1375.

Li, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, S.; Tian, G.; Zheng, J.; Wang, D.; Shi, S.; Russell, T. P. Adaptive Structured Pickering Emulsions and Porous Materials Based on Cellulose Nanocrystal Surfactants. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 13560-13564.

Li, Y.; Choi, J.; Sun, Z.; Russell, T. P.; Carter, K. R. Fabrication of Sub-20 nm Patterns Using Dopamine Chemistry in Self-Aligned Double Patterni. Nanoscale 2018, 10, 20779-20784.

Xiao, L.; He, B.; Hu, Q.; Maserati, L.; Zhao, Y.; Yang, B.; Kolaczkowski, M. A.; Anderson, C. L.; Borys, N. J.; Klivansky, L. M.; Chen, T. L.; Schwartzberg, A. M.; Russell, T. P.; Cao, Y.; Peng, X.; Liu. Y Multiple Roles of a Non-Fullerene Acceptor Contribute Synergistically for High-Efficiency Ternary Organic Photovoltaics. Joule 2018, 2, 2154-2166.

Chernyy, S.; Mahalik, J. P.; Kumar, R.; Kirkensgaard, J. J. K.; Arras, M. M.; Kim, H.; Schulte, L.; Ndoni, S.; Smith, G. S.; Mortensen, K.; Sumpter, B. G.; Russell, T. P.; Almdal, K. On the Morphological Behavior of ABC Miktoarm Stars Containing Poly(cis 1, 4‐Isoprene), Poly(styrene), and Poly(2‐vinylpyridine). J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1491-1504. "Front Cover"

Ly, J.; Burnett, E. K.; Thomas, S.; Aljarb, A.; Liu, Y.; Park, S.; Rosa, S.; Yi, Y.; Lee, H.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P.; Bredas, J.-L.; Briseno, A. L. Efficient Electron Mobility in an All-Acceptor Napthalenediimide-Bithiazole Polymer Semiconductor with Large Backbone Torsion. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 40070-40077.

Xie, R.; Li, Z.; Zhong, W.; Ying, L.; Hu, Q.; Liu, F.; Li, N.; Russell, T. P.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y. Overcoming Morphological and Efficiency Limit in All-Polymer Solar Cells by Designing Conjugated Random Copolymers Containing Naphtho [1, 2-C: 5, 6-C’] Bis ([1, 2, 5] Thiadiazole)] Moiety. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 24814-24822.

Sun, Y. L.; Tang, H. Y.; Ribbe, A.; Duzhko, V.; Woodard, T. L.; Ward, J. E.; Bai, Y.; Nevin, K. P.; Nonnenmann, S. S.; Russell, T.; Emrick, T.; Lovley, D. R. Conductive Composite Materials Fabricated from Microbially Produced Protein Nanowires. Small 2018, 14, 1802624.

Choi, J.; Koo, S.; Sakellari, I.; Kim, H.; Su, Z.; Carter, K. R.; Farsari, M.; Grigoropoulos, C. P.; Russell, T. P. Guided Assembly of Block Copolymers in Three-Dimensional Woodpile Scaffolds. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 42933-42940.

Huang, J.; Tang, Y.; Gao, K.; Liu, F.; Guo, H.; Russell, T. P.; Yang, T.; Liang, Y.; Cheng, X.; Guo, X. Head-to-Head Linkage Containing Dialkoxybithiophene-Based Polymeric Semiconductors for Polymer Solar Cells with Large Open-Circuit Voltages. Macromolecules 2017, 50, 137-150.

Zhou, Z.; Xu, S.; Liu, W.; Zhang, C.; Hu, Q.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhu, X. Applying the Heteroatom Effect of Chalcogen for High-Performance Small-Molecule Solar Cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 3425-3433.

Zhang, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Hu, Q.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhu, X. 1, 3-Bis (thieno [3, 4-b] thiophen-6-yl)-4 H-thieno [3, 4-c] pyrrole-4, 6 (5 H)-dione-Based Small-Molecule Donor for Efficient Solution-Processed Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 6213-6219.

Zhong, L.; Gao, L.; Bin, H.; Hu, Q.; Zhang, Z. G.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhang, Z.; Li, Y. High Efficiency Ternary Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Two Polymer Donors and an Organic Semiconductor Acceptor. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1602215.

Liu, T.; Xue, X.; Huo, L.; Sun, X.; An, Q.; Zhang, F.; Russell, T. P.; Liu, F.; Sun, Y. Highly Efficient Parallel-like Ternary Organic Solar Cells. Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 2914-2920.

Paulsen, J. D.; Démery, V.; Toga, K. B.; Qiu, Z.; Russell, T. P.; Davidovitch, B.; Menon, N. Geometry-driven folding of a floating annular sheet. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2017, 118, 048004.

Liu, F.; Zhou, Z.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, J.; Hu, Q.; Vergote, T.; Russell, T. P.; Zhu, X. Efficient Semitransparent Solar Cells with High NIR Responsiveness Enabled by a Small‐Bandgap Electron Acceptor. Adv. Mater. 2017, 1606574.

Toor, A.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P. Effect of Nanoparticle Surfactants on the Breakup of Free-Falling Water Jets during Continuous Processing of Reconfigurable Structured Liquid Droplets. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 3119-3125.

Sun, Z.; Russell, T. P. In situ Grazing Incidence Small‐Angle X‐ray Scattering Study of Solvent Vapor Annealing in Lamellae‐Forming Block Copolymer Thin Films: Trade‐off of Defects in Deswelling. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 980-989.

Zhang, H.; Zhang, S.; Gao, K.; Liu, F.; Yao, H.; Yang, B.; He, C.; Russell, T. P.; Hou, J. Low Band-Gap Conjugated Polymer Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole Units and its Application in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 10416-10423.

Lei, W.; Russell, T. P.; Hu, L.; Zhou, X.; Qiao, H.; Wang, W.; Wang, R.; Zhang, L. Pendant Chain Effect on the Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure–Property Relations of Poly(di-n-alkyl itaconate-co-isoprene) Biobased Elastomers. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2017, 5, 5214-5223.

Russell, T. P.; Chai, Y. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Putting the Squeeze on Polymers: A Perspective on Polymer Thin Films and Interfaces. Macromolecules 2017, 50, 4597-4609.

Wang, J. L.; Liu, K. K.; Liu, S.; Liu, F.; Wu, H. B.; Cao, Y.; Russell, T. P. Applying Thienyl Side Chains and Different pi-Bridge to Aromatic Side-Chain Substituted Indacenodithiophene-Based Small Molecule Donors for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 19998-20009.

Yao, Y.; Dong, H.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Hu, W. Approaching Intra- and Interchain Charge Transport of Conjugated Polymers Facilely by Topochemical Polymerized Single Crystals. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1701251.

Sun, Z.; Zhang, W.; Hong, S.; Chen, Z.; Liu, X.; Xiao, S.; Coughlin, E. B.; Russell, T. P. Using Block Copolymer Architecture to Achieve Sub-10 nm Periods. Polymer 2017, 121, 297-303.

Hu, Q.; Zhao, L.; Wu, J.; Gao, K.; Luo, D.; Jiang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, C.; Schaible, E.; Hexemer, A.; Wang, C.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, W.; Gratzel, M.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Zhu, R.; Gong, Q. In situ Dynamic Observations of Perovskite Crystallisation and Microstructure Evolution Intermediated from [PbI6]4- Cage Nanoparticles. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 15688.

Zhang, S.; Shah, M. N.; Liu, F.; Zhang, Z.; Hu, Q.; Russell, T. P.; Shi, M.; Li, C.-Z.; Chen, H. Efficient and 1,8-Diiodooctane-free Ternary Organic Solar Cells Fabricated via Nanoscale Morphology Tuning using Small-Molecule Dye Additive. Nano Res. 2017, 10, 3765-3774.​

Shi, S.; Chen, X.; Liu, X.; Wu, X.; Liu, F.; Zhang, Z. G.; Li, Y.; Russell, T. P.; Wang, D. 3D Structural Model of High-Performance Non-Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells as Revealed by High-Resolution AFM. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 24451-24455.

Liu, Q.; Toudert, J.; Liu, F.; Mantilla-Perez, P.; Bajo, M. M.; Russell, T. P.; Martorell, J. Circumventing UV Light Induced Nanomorphology Disorder to Achieve Long Lifetime PTB7-Th:PCBM Based Solar Cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 1701201.

Huang, C.; Cui, M.; Sun, Z.; Liu, F.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P. Self-Regulated Nanoparticle Assembly at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces: A Route to Adaptive Structuring of Liquids. Langmuir 2017, 33, 7994-8001.

Liu, Y.; Renna, L. A.; Thompson, H. B.; Page, Z. A.; Emrick, T.; Barnes, M. D.; Bag, M.; Venkataraman, D.; Russell, T. P. Role of Ionic Functional Groups on Ion Transport at Perovskite Interfaces. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1701235.​

Xiao, L.; Liang, T.; Gao, K.; Lai, T.; Chen, X.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Huang, F.; Peng, X.; Cao, Y. Ternary Solar Cells Based on Two Small Molecule Donors with Same Conjugated Backbone: The Role of Good Miscibility and Hole Relay Process. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 35, 29917-29923.

Wang, D.; Nakajima, K.; Liu, F.; Shi, S.; Russell, T. P. Nanomechanical Imaging of the Diffusion of Fullerene into Conjugated Polymer. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 8660-8667.

Chen, D.; Sun, Z.; Russell, T. P.; Jin, L. Co-Assembly Kinetics of Graphene Oxide and Block Copolymers at the Water/Oil Interface. Langmuir 2017, 33, 8961-8969.

Jeong, G.†; Yu, D. M.†; Mapas, J. K. D.†; Sun, Z.; Rzayev, J.; Russell, T. P. Realizing 5.4 nm Full Pitch Lamellar Microdomains by a Solid-State Transformation. Macromolecules 2017, 50, 7148-7154, ACS Editors' Choice.

Liu, X.; Shi, S.; Li, Y.; Forth, J.; Wang, D.; Russell, T. P. Liquid Tubule Formation and Stabilization Using Cellulose Nanocrystal Surfactants. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 12594-12598.

Jiang, Y.; Löbling, T. I.; Huang, C.; Sun, Z.; Mueller, A. H.; Russell, T. P. Interfacial Assembly and Jamming Behavior of Polymeric Janus Particles at Liquid Interfaces. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 33327-33332.

Li, R.; Chai, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Ashby, P. D.; Toor, A.; Russell, T. P. Carboxylated Fullerene at the Oil/Water Interface. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 34389-34395.

Chai, Y.; Lukito, A.; Jiang, Y.; Ashby, P. D.; Russell, T. P. Fine-tuning Nanoparticle Packing at Water-Oil Interfaces using Ionic Strength. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 6453-6457.

Choi, J.; Gunkel, I.; Li, Y.; Sun, Z.; Liu, F.; Kim, H.; Carter, K. R.; Russell, T. P. Macroscopically Ordered Hexagonal Arrays by Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers with Minimal Topographic Patterns. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 14888-14896.

Huang, C.; Forth, J.; Wang, W.; Hong, K.; Smith, G. S.; Helms, B. A.; Russell, T. P. Bicontinuous Structured Liquids with Sub-micrometre Domains using Nanoparticle Surfactants. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 1060-1063.

Li, X.; Yan, T.; Bin, H.; Han, G.; Xue, L.; Liu, F.; Yi, Y.; Zhang, Z.-G.; Russell, T. P.; Li, Y. Insertion of Double Bond π-bridges of A-D-A Acceptor for High Performance Near-infrared Polymer Solar Cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 22588-22597.

Cui, M.; Nie, H.; Zhang, T.; Lovley, D.; Russell, T. P. Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Metal Oxide–Carbon Electrode Materials for Highly Efficient Microbial Electrosynthesis. Sustainable Energy Fuels 2017, 1, 1171-1176.

Cui, M.; Miesch, C.; Kosif, I.; Nie, H.; Kim, P.; Kim, H.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P. Transition in Dynamics as Nanoparticles Jam at the Liquid/Liquid Interface. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 6855-6862.

Zhang, S.-Q.; Liu, Z.-Y.; Fu, W.-F.; Liu, F.; Wang, C.-M.; Sheng, C.-Q.; Wang, Y.-F.; Deng, K.; Zeng, Q.-D.; Shu, L.-J.; Wan, T.-H.; Chen, H.-Z.; Russell, T. P. Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Macrocycles: Synthesis and Host–Guest Coassembly with Fullerene toward Photovoltaic Application. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 11701-11713.

S. Proller, F. Liu, C. Zhu, C. Wang, T. P. Russell, A. Hexemer, P. MullerBuschbaum, E. M. Herzig,“Organic Solar Cells: Following the Morphology Formation In Situ in Printed Active Layers for Organic Solar Cells “, Adv. Ener. Mat., 6(1),  DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201670004, (January 2016)

I. Gunkel, X. Gu, Z. Sun, E. Schaible, A. Hexemer, T. P. Russell, “An in situ GISAXS study of selective solvent vapor annealing in thin block copolymer films: Symmetry breaking of in-plane sphere order upon deswelling”, Journal of polymer science, 54(2), 331-338, DOI: 10.1002/polb.23933, (January 2016).

Y. Liu, M. Bag, L. A. Renna, Z. A. Page, P. Kim, T. Emrick, D. Venkataraman, T. P. Russell, “Understanding Interface Engineering for High-Performance Fullerene/Perovskite Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells”, Adv. Ener. Mat.,  6(2), DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201501606, (January 2016).

T. Pham, A. P. Goldstein, J. P. Lewicki, S. O. Kucheyev, C. Wang, T. P. Russell, M. A. Worsley, L. Woo, W. Mickelsona, and A. Zettl, “Correction: Nanoscale structure and superhydrophobicity of sp2-bonded boron nitride aerogels”, Nanoscale, 8, 1705, DOI: 10.1039/c5nr90227d, (January 2016).

Y. Wang, Q. Zhang, F. Liu, X. Wan, B. Kan, H. Feng, X. Yang, T. P. Russell, Y. Chen, “Alkylthio substituted thiophene modified benzodithiophene-based highly efficient photovoltaic small molecules”, Organic Electronics, DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.10.006 (January 2016).

Y. Liu, L. A. Renna, M. Bag, Z. A. Page, P. Kim, J. Choi, T. Emrick, D. Venkataraman, T. P. Russell, “High Efficiency Tandem Thin-Perovskite/Polymer Solar Cells with a Graded Recombination Layer”, ACS Appl. Mat. & Int., 8(11), 7070-7076, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12740, (February 2016).

S. Li, J. Yan, C-Z. Li, F. Liu, M. Shi, H. Chen, T. P. Russell, “A non-​fullerene electron acceptor modified by thiophene-​2-​carbonitrile for solution-​processed organic solar cells”, Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, DOI:10.1039/C6TA00056H (February 2016).

J. D. Paulsen, E. Hohlfeld, H. King, J. Huang, Z. Qiu, T. P. Russell, N. Menon, D. Vella, B. Davidovitch, “Curvature-induced stiffness and the spatial variation of wavelength in wrinkled sheets”, PNAS, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521520113 (February 2016).

Z. A. Page, Y. Liu, E. Puodziukynaite, T. P. Russell, T. Emrick, “Hydrophilic Conjugated Polymers Prepared by Aqueous Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Coupling”, Macromolecules 49(7), 2526-2532, (March 2016).

K. Gao, J. Miao, L. Xiao, W. Deng, Y. Kan, T. Liang, C. Wang, F. Huang, J. Peng, Y. Cao, F. Liu, T. P. Russell, H. Wu, X. Peng, “Multi-Length-Scale Morphologies Driven by Mixed Additives in Porphyrin-Based Organic Photovoltaics”, Adv. Mat., DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505645, (April 2016)

P. D. Homyak, Y. Liu, J. D. Harris, F. Liu, K. R. Carter, T. P. Russell, E. B. Coughlin, “Systematic Fluorination of P3HT: Synthesis of P(3HT-co-3H4FT)s by Direct Arylation Polymerization, Characterization, and Device Performance in OPVs,” Macromolecules 49(8), 3028-3037, (April 2016).

X. Gu, I. Gunkel, A. Hexemer, T. P. Russell, “Controlling Domain Spacing and Grain Size in Cylindrical Block Copolymer Thin Films by Means of Thermal and Solvent Vapor Annealing”, Macromolecules 49(9), 3373-3381, (April 2016).

L. Lan, Z. Chen, Q. Hu, L. Ying, R. Zhu, F. Liu, T. P. Russell, F. Huang, Y. Cao, “High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Wide-Bandgap Polymer Containing Pyrrolo[3,4-f]benzotriazole-5,7-dione with a Power Conversion Efficiency of 8.63%”, Adv. Sci., DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600032, (April 2016).

B. Jiang, C. C. Du, M. J. Li, K. Gao, L. Kou, M. Chen, F. Liu, T. P. Russell, H. Wang, “Synthesis of fluorinated diphenyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives as new building blocks for conjugated copolymers”, Polym. Chem., DOI: 10.1039/C6PY00346J, (April 2016).

C. Li, A. Zhang, Z. Wang, F. Liu, Y. Zhou, T. P. Russell, Y. Li, W. Li, “All polymer solar cells with diketopyrrolopyrrole-polymers as electron donor and a naphthalenediimide-polymer as electron acceptor”, RSC Adv., DOI: 10.1039/C6RA03681C (April 2016).

J. Wu, X. Que, Q. Hu, D. Luo, T. Liu, F. Liu, T. P. Russell, R. Zhu, Q. Gong, “Multi-Length Scaled Silver Nanowire Grid for Application in Efficient Organic Solar Cells”, Adv. Funct. Mat., DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601049, (May 2016).

C. Huang, Z. Sun, M. Cui, F. Liu, B. A. Helms, T. P. Russell, “Structured Liquids with pH-Triggered Reconfigurability”, Adv. Mat., DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600691, (May 2016).

Q. Zhang, X. Wan, F. Liu, B. Kan, M. Li, H. Feng, H. Zhang, T. P. Russell, Y. Chen, “Evaluation of Small Molecules as Front Cell Donor Materials for High-Efficiency Tandem Solar Cells”, Adv. Mat., DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601435, (May 2016).

J. Wang, K. Liu, J. Yan, Z. Wu, F. Liu, F. Xiao, Z. Chang, H. Wu, Y. Cao, T.P. Russell, " Series of Multifluorine Substituted Oligomers for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 9% and Fill Factor of 0.77 by Combination Thermal and Solvent Vapor Annealing," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(24), 7687-7697 (May 2016).

P. Kim, A. E. Ribbe, T. P. Russell and D. A. Hoagland, “Visualizing the Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Liquids by Scanning Electron Microscopy,” ACS Nano 10(6), 6257-6264 (May 2016).

L. Zhao, D. Luo, J. Wu, Q. Hu, W. Zhang, K. Chen, T. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, F. Liu, T. P. Russell, H. J. Snaith, R. Zhu, Q. Gong, “Perovskite Solar Cells: High-Performance Inverted Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Lead Acetate Precursor with Efficiency Exceeding 18%”, Adv. Funct. Mat., DOI: 10.1002/adma.201670128, (May 2016).

A. Toor, T. Feng, T. P. Russell, “Self-assembly of nanomaterials at fluid interfaces”, The European Physical Journal E, DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16057-x, (May 2016).

M. Li, Y. Liu, W. Ni, F. Liu, H. Feng, Y. Zhang, T. Liu, H. Zhang, X. Wan, B. Kan, Q. Zhang, T. P. Russell, Y. Chen, “A simple small molecule as an acceptor for fullerene-free organic solar cells with efficiency near 8%”, J. Mater. Chem. A, 4, 10409-10413, DOI: 10.1039/C6TA04358E (June 2016).

X. Shen, W. Hu, T. P. Russell, “Measuring the Degree of Crystallinity in Semicrystalline Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene),” Macromolecules 49(12), 4501-4509, (June 2016).

S. Li,  W. Liu, C-Z Li, F. Liu, Y. Zhang, M. Shi, H. Chen, and T. P. Russell, “A simple perylene diimide derivative with a highly twisted geometry as an electron acceptor for efficient organic solar cells”, J. Mater. Chem. A, DOI: 10.1039/C6TA04232E (June 2016).

L. Nian, K. Gao, F. Liu, Y. Kan, X. Jiang, L. Liu, Z. Xie, X. Peng, T. P. Russell, Y. Ma, “11% Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells with High Composition Tolerance via Integrated Near-IR Sensitization and Interface Engineering”, Adv. Mat., DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602834, (July 2016).

L. Gao, Z. Zhang, H. Bin, L. Xue, Y. Yang, C. Wang, F. Liu, T. P. Russell, Y. Li, “High-Efficiency Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Medium Bandgap Polymer Donor and Narrow Bandgap Organic Semiconductor Acceptor”, Adv. Mat., DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601595, (July 2016).

J. Choi, J. Huh, K. R. Carter, T. P. Russell, “Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Thin Films Using Minimal Topographic Patterns”, ACS Nano 10(8), 7915-7925 (July 2016).

Y. Liu, L. A. Renna, Z. A. Page, H. B. Thompson, P. Kim, M. D. Barnes, T. Emrick, D. Venkataraman, T. P. Russell, “A Polymer Hole Extraction Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells from Aqueous Solutions”, Adv. Ener. Mat., DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201600664, (July 2016).

W. Lei, X. Zhou, T. P. Russell, K. Hua, Z. Yang, H. Qiao, W. Wang, F. Li, R. Wang, L. Zhang, “High performance bio-based elastomers: energy efficient and sustainable materials for tires”, J. Mater. Chem. A, DOI: .1039/C6TA05001H, (August 2016).

Y. Liu, V. V. Duzhko, Z. A. Page, T. Emrick, and T. P. Russell, “Conjugated Polymer Zwitterions: Efficient Interlayer Materials in Organic Electronics”, Acc. Chem. Res., DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00402, (October 2016).

S. Xu, Z. Zhou, H. Fan, L. Ren, F. Liu, X. Zhu, T. P. Russell, “An electron-rich 2-alkylthieno[3,4-b]thiophene building block with excellent electronic and morphological tunability for high-performance small-molecule solar cells”, J. Mater. Chem. A, DOI: 10.1039/C6TA08790F (October 2016)

K. Chen, Q. Hu, T. Liu, L. Zhao, D. Luo, J. Wu, Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, F. Liu, T. P. Russell, R. Zhu “Charge‐Carrier Balance for Highly Efficient Inverted Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells”, Adv. Mater., DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604048 (October 2016).

B. B. Helms, T. P. Russell, “Reaction: Polymer Chemistries Enabling Cradle-to-Cradle Life Cycles for Plastics”, Chem., DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.11.016, (December 2016).

D. Vella, J. Huang, N. Menon, T.P. Russell, and B. Davidovitch, “Indentation of Ultrathin Elastic Films and the Emergence of Asymptotic Isometry,” Physical Review Letters 114(January 6, 2015).

J.W. Jo, S. Bae, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, and W.H. Jo, “Comparison of Two D-A- Type Polymers with Each Being Fluorinated on D and A Unit for High Performance Solar Cells,” Advanced Functional Materials 25(1), 120-125, DOI: 10.1002/admf.201402210, (January 7, 2015).

Z.A. Page, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, and T. Emrick, “Turning the Energy Gap of Conjugated Polymer Zwitterions for Efficient Interlayers and Solar Cells,” Journal of Polymer Science Part A-Polymer Chemistry 53(2), 327-336, DOI: 10.1002/pola.27349, (January 15, 2015).

Q. Zhang, B. Kan, G.K. Long, X.J. Wan, X.Q. Chen, Y. Zuo, W. Ni, H.J. Zhang, M.M. Li, Z.C. Hu, F. Huang, Y. Cao, Z.Q. Liang, M.T. Zhang, T.P. Russell, and Y.S. Chen, “Small-Molecule Solar Cells with Efficiency over 9%,” Nature Photonics 9(1), 35-41, DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.269, (January 2015).

Z. He, B. Xiao, F. Liu, H. Wu, Y. Yang, S. Xiao, C. Wang, T.P. Russell, and Y. Cao, “Single-Junction Polymer Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Photovoltage,” Nature Photonics Letters, DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2015.6 (February 9, 2015).

B. Kan, M. Li, Q. Zhang, F. Liu, X. Wan, Y. Wang, W. Ni, G. Long, X. Yang, H. Feng, Y. Zuo, M. Zhang, F. Huang, Y. Cao, T.P. Russell, and Y. Chen, “A Series of Simple Oligomer-like Small Molecules Based on Oligothiophenes for Solution-Processed Solar Cells with High Efficiency,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00305, web, (March 4, 2015).

W. Cai, P. Liu, Y. Jin, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, F. Huang, H.L. Yip, and Y. Cao, “Morphology Evolution in High Performance Polymer Solar Cells Processed from Non-halogenated Solvent,” Advanced Science, 2(8), DOI:10.1002/advs.201500095, (May 2015).

J.H. Kim, S.T. Williams, J.W. Jung, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, and A.K.-Y. Jen, “Enhanced crystalline morphology of a ladder-type polymer bulk-heterojuction device by blade-coating,” Nanoscale, 7, 10936-10939, DOI:10.1039/C5NR02657A, (May 2015).

D. L. Olynick,P. Perera,A. Schwartzberg,P. Kulshreshta,D. G. D. Oteyza,N. Jarnagin,C. Henderson,Z. Sun,I. Gunkel,T. P. Russell,M. Budden,I. W. Rangelow, “Selective Laser Ablation in Resists and Block Copolymers for High Resolution Lithographic Patterning”, J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 28(5), 663-668, (May 2015).

C.M. Palumbiny, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, A. Hexemer, C. Wang, and P. Muller-Buschbaum, “Crystallization: The Crystallization of PEDOT:PSS Polymeric Electrodes Probed In-Situ During Printing,” Advanced Materials, 27(22), 3341, DOI: 10.1002/adma.201570148, (June 2015).

Y. Liu, A. Page, S. Ferdous, F. Liu, P. Kim, T. Emrick, T.P. Russell, “Dual Functional Zwitterionic Fullerene Interlayer for Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells”, Adv. Ener. Mat., 5(14), DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201500405, (July 2015).

B. He, B. A. Zhang, F. Liu, A. Navarro, M. P. Fernández-Liencres, R. Lu, K. Lo, T. L. Chen, T. P. Russell, and Y. Liu, “Electronic and Morphological Studies of Conjugated Polymers Incorporating a Disk-Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Unit”, ACS Appl. Mat. & Int., 7(36), 20034-20045, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04907, (August 2015).

Z. Sun, Z. Chen, W. Zhang, J. Choi, C. Huang, G. Jeong, E. B. Coughlin, Y. Hsu, Z. Yang, K. Y. Lee, D. S. Kuo, C. Xiao, T. P. Russell, “Directed Self-Assembly of Poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) Triblock Copolymer with Sub-15 nm Spacing Line Patterns Using a Nanoimprinted Photoresist Template”, Advanced materials, 27(29), 4364-4370, DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501585, (August 2015).

Y. Liu, Z. A. Page, T. P. Russell, T. Emrick, “Finely Tuned Polymer Interlayers Enhance Solar Cell Efficiency”, Angewandte Chemie, 54(39), 11485-11489, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503933, (September 2015).

P. Kiu, S. Dong, F. Liu, Z. Hu, L. Liu, Y. Jin, S. Liu, X. Gong, T. P. Russell, F. Huang, Y. Cao, “Optimizing Light-Harvesting Polymers via Side Chain Engineering”, Adv. Func. Mat., 25(41), 6458-6459, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201501878, (November 2015).

W.-S. Jang, P. Koo, K. Bryson, W. Narayanan, A. R. Sandy, T. P. Russell and S. G. Mochrie, “The Static Structure and Dynamics of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles within Poly(styrene-block-isoprene) Diblock Copolymer Melts”, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500357, (December 2015).

T. Liu, Q. Hu, J. Wu, K Chen, L. Zhao, F. Liu, C. Wang, H. Lu, S. Jia, T. P. Russell, R. Zhu, Q. Gong, “Mesoporous PbI2 Scaffold for High-Performance Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells”, Adv. Ener. Mat., DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201501890, (December 2015).

S. Koyuncu, H-W. Wang, F. Liu, K.B. Toga, W. Gu, and T.P. Russell, “A Novel Complimentary Absorbing Donor-Acceptor Pair in Block Copolymers Based on Single Materials Organic Photovoltaics,” J. Mater. Chem. A., 2(9), 2993-2998 (2014).

X. Gu, I. Gunkel, A. Hexemer, W. Gu, and T.P. Russell, “An In Situ Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering Block Copolymer Thin Films During Solvent Vapor Annealing,” Advanced Materials, 26(2), 273-281 (2014).

T. Feng, D.A. Hoagland, and T.P. Russell, “Assembly of Acid-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes at Oil/Water Interfaces,” Langmuir, 30(4), 1072-1079 (2014).

F. Liu, W. Zhao, J.R. Tumbleston, C. Wang, Y. Gu, D. Wang, A.L. Briseno, H. Ade, and T.P. Russell, “Understanding the Morphology of PTB7:PCBM Blends in Organic Photovoltaics,” Advanced Energy Materials, 4(5) (2014).

P. Liu, K. Zhang, F. Liu, Y. Jin, S. Liu, H-L. Yiop, F. Huang, Y. Cao, and T.P. Russell, “Effect of Fluorine Content in Thienothiophene-Benzodithiophene Copolymers on the Morphology and Performance of Polymer Solar Cells,” Chem. Mater, 26(9), 3009-3017 (2014).

L. Zhang, A. Fonari, Y. Liu, A-L.M. Hoyt, H. Lee, D. Granger, S. Parkin, J.E. Anthony, J-L. Bredas, V. Coropceanu, A.L. Briseno, and T.P. Russell, “Bistetracene: An Air-Stable, High Mobility Organic Semiconductor with Extended Conjugation,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(26), 9248-9251 (2014).

S. Ferdous, F. Liu, D. Wang, and T.P. Russell, “Solvent-Polarity-Induced Active Layer Morphology Control in Crystalline Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Low Band Gap Polymer Photovoltaics,” Advanced Energy Materials, 4(2), (2014).

Z.A. Page, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, and T. Emrick, “Rapid, Facile Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer Zwitterions in Ionic Liquids,” Chem. Sci., 5, 2368-2373 (2014)

F. Liu, S. Ferdous, E. Schaible, A. Hexemer, M. Church, X. Ding, C. Wang, and T.P. Russell, “Fast Printing and In-Situ Morphology Observation of Organic Photovoltaics using Slot-Die Coating,” Nature Nanotechnology, submitted 2014.

F. Liu, Y. Liu, and T.P. Russell, “Morphology of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells” in Polymer Photovoltaics: Recent Advances and Applications, Y. Cao, H-L. Yip, and F. Huang, eds., RSC Publishing Group (2014).

T.S. Gehan, M. Bag, L.A. Renna, X. Shen, D.D. Algaier, P.M. Lahti, A.D. Dinsmore, T.P. Russell, and D. Venkataraman, “Multi-Scale Active Layer Morphologies for Organic Photovoltaics Through Self-Assembly of Spheres,” Science, submitted 2014.

J.W. Jo, J.W. Jung, H-W. Wang, P. Kim, T.P. Russell, and W.H. Jo, “Fluorination of Polythiophene Derivatives for High Performance Organic Photovoltaics,” Chemistry of Materials 26(14), 4214-4220, DOI: 10.1021/cm502229k, (July 22, 2014).

F. Liu, L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, S.C.B. Mannsfeld, T.P. Russell, and A.L. Briseno, “Interpenetrating Morphology based on Highly Crystalline Small Molecule and PCBM Blends,” Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2(44), 9368-9374, DOI: 10.1039/c4tc01451k, (November 28 2014).

B.Hammer, M.A. Reyes-Martinez, F.A. Bokel, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, R.C. Hayward, A.L. Briseno, and T. Emrick, “Reversible, Self Cross-Linking Nanowires from Thiol-Functionalized Polythiophene Diblock Copolymers,” ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 6(10), 7705-7711, DOI: 10.1021/am500976w, (May 2014).

D. Wang, X. Liang, T.P. Russell, and K. Nakajima, “Visualization and Quantification of the Chemical and Physical Properties at a Diffusion-Induced Interface Using AFM Nanomechanical Mapping,” Macromolecules 47(11), 3761-3765, DOI: 10.1021/ma500099b, (June 2014)

S.Karak, P.J. Homnick, A.M. Della Pelle, Y. Bae, V.V. Duzhko, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, P.M. Lathi, and S. Thayumanavan, “Crystallinity and Morphology Effects on a Solvent-Processed Solar Cell Using a Triarylamine-Substituted Squaraine”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6(14), 11376-11384, DOE: 10.1021/am501965d, (July 2014).

J. Bae, T.P. Russell, and R.C. Hayward, “Osmotically Driven Formation of Double Emulsions Stabilized by Amphiphilic Block Copoymers,” Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 53(31), 8240-8245, DOE: 10.1002/anie.201405229, (July 2014)

E. Puodziukynaite, H-W. Wang, J. Lawrence, A.J. Wise, T.P. Russell, M.D. Barnes, and T. Emrick, “Azulene Methacrylate Polymers: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Solar Cell Fabrication,” Journal of the American Chemical Society 136(31), 11043-11049, DOI: 10.1021/ja050467ok, (August 2014).

J. Maiz, W. Zhao, Y. Gu, J. Lawrence, A. Arbe, A. Alegria, T. Emrick, J. Colmenero, T.P. Russell, and C. Mijangos, “Dynamic Study of Polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) Copolymer in Bulk and Confined in Cylindrical Nanopores,” Polymer 55(16), 4057-4066, DOI: 10.1016/j.poymer.2014.05.042, (August 2014).

X.D. Gu, I. Gunkel, A. Hexemer, and T.P. Russell, “Solvent vapor annealing in Block Copolymer Thin Films: Removal of Processing History,” Colloid and Polymer Science 292(8), 1795-1802, DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3286-9, (August 2014).

S.Chantarak, F. Liu, T. Emrick, and T.P. Russell, “Solvent-Assisted orientation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Functionalized CdSe Nanorods Under an Electric Field,” Macromolecular Chem. Phys. 215(17), 1647-1653, DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400188. (October 2014).

D. Wang, F. Liu, N. Yagihashi, M. Nakaya, S. Ferdous, X.B. Liang, A. Muramatsu, K. Nakajima and T.P. Russell, “New Insights into Morphology of High Performance BHJ Photovoltaics Revealed by High Resolution AFM,” Nano Letters 14(10), 5727-5732, DOI:10.1021/nl5025326, (October 2014)

B.He, A.B. Pun, D. Zherebetskyy, Y.  Liu, F. Liu, L.M. Klivansky, A.M. McGough, B.A. Zhang, K. Lo and T.P. Russell, “New Form of an Old Natural Dye: Bay-Annulated Indigo (BAI) as an Excellent Electron Accepting Unit for High Performance Organic Semiconductors,” Journal of the American Chemical Society 136(42), 15093-15101, DOI:10.1021/ja0508807m, (October 22, 2014)

Z.A. Page, Y. Liu, V.V Duzhko, T.P. Russell and T. Emrick, “Fulleropyrrolidine Interlayers: Tailoring Electrodes to Raise Organic Solar Cell Efficiency”, Science 346(6208), 441-444, DOI:10.1126/science.1255826, (October 24, 2014)

Y. Gu, C. Wang, F. Liu, J.H. Chen, O.E. Dyck, G. Duscher and T.P. Russell, “Guided Crystallization of P3HT in Ternary Blend Solar Cell Based on P3HT:PCPDTBT:PCBM,” Energy & Environmental Science 7(11), 3782-3790, DOI:10.1039.c4ee02004a, (November 2014)

H. Ahn, S. Park, S-W. Kim, P. Yoo, D.Y. Ryu and T.P. Russell, “Nanoporous Block Copolymer Membranes for Ultrafiltration: a Simple Approach to Size Tenability,” ACS Nano 8(11), 11745-52, DOI: 10.1021/nn505234v, (November 25, 2014)

F. Liu, D. Chen, C. Wang, K. Luo, W. Gu, A. Briseno, J.W.P. Hsu and T.P. Russell, “Molecular Weight Dependence of the Morphology in P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6(22), 19876-87, DOI:10.1021/am505283k, (November 26, 2014)

C. Zhou, Y.M. Liang, F. Liu, C. Sun, X.L. Huang, Z.Q. Xie, F. Huang, J. Roncali, T.P. Russell, and Y. Cao, “Chain Length Dependence of the Photovoltaic Properties of Monodisperse Donor-Acceptor Oligomers as Model Compounds of Polydisperse Low Band Gap Polymers,” Advanced Functional Materials 24(47), 7538-7547, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201401945, (December 17, 2014)

S. Karak, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, and V.V. Duzhko, “Bulk Charge Carrier Transport in Push-Pull Type Organic Semiconductor,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6(23), 20904-20912, DOI: 10.1021/am505572v, (December 20, 2014).

L. Zhang, F. Liu, Y. Diao, H.S. Marsh, N.S. Colella, A. Jayaraman, T.P. Russell, S.C.B. Mannsfeld and A.L. Briseno, “The Good host: Formation of Discrete One-Dimensional Fullerene “Channels” in Well-Ordered Poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) Oligomers,” Journal of the American Chemical Society 136(52), 18120-18130, (December 31, 2014)

R. Kumar, M. Goswami, B. Sumpter, X. Wu, T.P. Russell, S. Gido, S. Rangou, K. Misichronis, T. Tsoukatos, N. Hadjichristidis, F. Beyer, J. Mays and K. Hong, “Morphologies of ABC Tri-block Terpolymer Melts Containing Poly(cyclohexadiene): Effects of Conformational Asymmetry,” Langmuir, 29(6), 1995-2006 (2013).

W. Gu, J. Huh, S.W. Hong, B. Sveinbjornsson, C.Park, R. Grubbs and T.P. Russell, “Self-Assembly of Symmetric Brush Diblock Copolymers,” ACS Nano, 7(3), 2551–2558(2013).

X. Wei, W. Gu, L. Li, X. Shen, J.-K. Kim and T.P. Russell, “Synthesis and Morphology Investigations of a Novel Alkyne-Functionalized Diblock Copolymer,” Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics 51(1), 78-85 (2013).

A. Serghei, W. Zhao, D. Miranda, and T.P. Russell, “Curie Transitions for Attograms of Ferroelectric Polymers,” Nano Letters, 13(2), 577-580 (2013).

W. Zhao, T.P. Russell and G. Grason, “Chirality in Block Copolymer Melts: Mesoscopic Helicity from Intersegment Twist,” Physical Review Letters, 110, 058301 (2013).

W. Zhao, D. Chen, G,M, Grason and T.P. Russell, “Formation of H* Phase in Chiral Block Copolymers: Effects of Solvents and Solution Cast Conditions,” Macromolecules, 46(2), 455-462 (2013).

W. Zhao, F. Liu, X. Wei, D. Chen, G.M. Grason, and T.P. Russell, “Formation of H* Phase in Chiral Block Copolymers: Morphology Evolution as Revealed by Time-Resolved X-ray Scattering,” Macromolecules, 46(2), 474-483 (2013).

T. Zhang, H. Nie, T.S. Bain, H. Lu, M. Cui, O.L. Snoeyenbos-West, A.E. Franks, E.  Ashley, K.P. Nevin, T.P. Russell and D.R. Lovley, “Improved Cathode Materials for Microbial Electrosynthesis,” Energy & Environmental Science, 6(1), 217-224 (2013).

H. Nie, M. Cui and T.P. Russell, “A Route to Rapid Carbon Nanotube Growth,” Chemical Communications, 49(45), 5159-5161 (2013).

X. Shen, V. Duzhko, and T.P. Russell, “A Study on the Correlation Between Structure and Hole Transport in Semi-Crystalline Regioregular P3HT,” Advanced Energy Materials 3(2), 263-270 (2013).

W. Gu, J. Xu, J-K Kim, S.W. Hong, X. Wei, X. Yang, K.Y. Lee, D.S. Kuo, S. Xiao, “Solvent Assisted Directed Self-Assembly of Spherical Microdomain Block Copolymers to High Areal Density Arrays,” Advanced Materials, 25(27), 3677-3682 (2013).

I. Kosif, M. Cui, T.P. Russell and T.S. Emrick, “Triggered in situ Disruption and Inversion of Nanoparticle-Stabilized Droplets,” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 52(26) 6620-6623 (2013).

J. Xu, T.P. Russell and A. Checco, “Lattice Deformation and Domain Distortion in the Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Thin Films on Chemical Patterns,” Small 9(5) 779-784 (2013).

H. Li, W. Gu, L. Li, Y. Zhang, T.P. Russell and E.B. Coughlin, “Synthesis of Semicrystalline/Fluorinated Side-Chain Crystalline Block Copolymers and Their Bulk and Thin Film Nanoordering.” Macromolecules 46(10), 3737-3745 (2013).

J.C. Brendel, F. Liu, A. Lang, T.P. Russell and M. Thelakkat, “Macroscopic Vertical Alignment of Microdomains in Thin Films of Semiconductor Amphiphilic Block Copolymers,” ACS Nano 7(7), 6069-6078 (2013).

K. Toga, J. Huang, K. Cunningham, T.P. Russell and N. Menon, “A Drop on a Floating Sheet: Boundary Conditions, Topography and Formation of Wrinkles,” Soft Matter 9(34) 8289-8296 (2013).

H. Zhao, W. Gu, M.W. Thielke, E. Sterner and T-H Tsai, T.P. Russell, E.B. Coughlin, P. Theato, “Functionalized Nanoporous Thin Films and Fibers from Photocleavable Block Copolymers Featuring Activated Esters,” Macromolecules 46(13), 5195-5201 (2013).

K. Koo, H. Ahn, S-W Kim, D.Y. Ryu and T.P. Russell, “Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers in the Extreme: Guiding Microdomains from the Small to the Large,” Soft Matter (2013).

X. Wei, W. Gu, X. Shen, J. Strzalka, Z. Jiang and T.P. Russell, ”Deviations from Bulk Morphologies in Thin Films of Block Copolymer/Additive Binary Blends,” Chinese Journal of Polymer Science (2013).

W. Gu, H. Zhao, Q. Wei, E.B. Coughlin, P. Theato and T.P. Russell, “Line Patterns from Cylinder-Forming Photocleavable Block Copolymers,” Advanced Materials, 25(34) 4690-4695 (2013).

O. Gang, A. Checco, B. Ocko, T. Hofmann, D.Y. Ryu and T.P. Russell, “Liquid Adsorption at Surfaces Patterned with Cylindrical Nano-Cavities,” Soft Matter, (2013).

R.D. Schroll, M. Adda-Bedia, E. Cerda, J. Huang, N. Menon, T.P. Russell, K.B. Toga, D. Vella and B. Davidovitch, “Capillary Deformations of Bendable Films,” Physical Review Letters, 111(1) (2013).

D. Wang, T.P. Russell, T. Nishi, K. Nakajima, “AFM Nanomechanics Visualizes Molecular Diffusion and Microstructure at an Interface,” ACS Macro Letters 2(8), 757-760 (2013).

X. Gu, I. Gunkel and T.P. Russell, “Block Copolymer Lithography: A “Bottom-Up” Approach to High-Density Pattern Transfer,” Philosophical Transactions A, 371(2000), (2013).

H. Nie, T. Zhang, M. Cui, H. Lu, D.R. Lovley and T.P. Russell, “Improved Cathode for Highly Efficient Microbial-Catalyzed Reduction in Microbial Electrosynthesis Cells,” Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 15(34), 14290-14294 (2013).

T.P. Russell, "Polymers find Plenty of Wiggle Room at the Bottom," Science 341(6152), 1351-1352 (2013).

J.W. Jung, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, W.H. Jo, “Synthesis of Pyridine-capped Diketopyrrolopyrrole and its Use as a Building Block of Low Band-gap Polymers for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells,” Chemical Communications, 49(76), 8495-8497 (2013).

M. Cui, T. Emrick and T.P. Russell, “Stabilizing Liquid Drops in Nonequilibrium Shapes by the Interfacial Jamming of Nanoparticles,” Science 342(6157), 460-463 (2013).

J.W. Jung, F. Liu, T.P. Russell and W.H. Jo, “Semi-Crystalline Random Conjugated Copolymers with Panchromatic Absorption for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells,” Energy and Environmental Science 6(11), 3301-3307 (2013).

H. Wang, F. Liu, L. Bu, J. Gao, W. Wei and Thomas P. Russell, “The Role of Additive in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based Small Molecular Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells,” Advanced Materials 25(45), 6519-652 (2013).

M. Zhang, Y. Gu, X. Guo, F. Liu, S. Zhang, L. Huo, T.P. Russell and J. Hou, “Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Based on Benzothiadiazole and Alkylphenyl Substituted Benzodithiophene with a Power Conversion Efficiency over 8%,” Advanced Materials 25(35), 4944-4949 (2013).

S. Ferdous, F. Liu, D. Wang and T.P. Russell, “Solvent Polarity Induced Active Layer Morphology Control in Crystalline Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based Low Band Gap Polymer Photovoltaics,” Advanced Energy Materials, 4(2) (2014).

P. Kim, E. David, L. Raboin, A.E. Ribbe, T.P. Russell and David A. Hoagland, “Ionic Liquids as Floatation Media for Cryo-Ultramicrotomy of Soft Polymeric Materials,” Microscopy and Microanalysis 19(6), 1554-1557 (2013).

K. Du, E. Glogowski, M. Tuominen, T. Emrick, T.P. Russell and A. Dinsmore, "Self-assembly of Gold Nanoparticles on Gallium Droplets: Controlling Charge Transport through Microscopic Devices," Langmuir 29(44), 13640-1364 (2013).

D. Miranda, C. Versek, M. Tuominen, T.P. Russell and J.J. Watkins, “Cross-linked Block Copolymer/Ionic Liquid Self-Assembled Blends for Polymer Gel Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Strength,” Macromolecules, 46(23), 9313-9323 (2013),.

S.W. Hong, W. Gu, J. Huh, Y. Xia, B. Sveinbjornsson, G. Jeong, R.H. Grubbs and T.P. Russell, “On the Self-assembly of Brush Block Copolymers in Thin Films,” ACS Nano 7(11), 9684-9692 (2013).

Z. Sun, T. Feng and T.P. Russell, “Assembly of Graphene Oxide at Water/Oil Interfaces: Tessellated Nanotiles,” Langmuir, 29(44), 13407-13413 (2013).

T.P. Russell, F. Liu, C. Wang, J. Baral, L. Zhang, J.J. Watkins and A. Briseno, “Relating Chemical Structure to Device Performance via Morphology Control in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Low Band Gap Polymers," Journal of the American Chemical Society 135(51), 19248-19259 (2013).

Y. Huang, F. Liu, Xi. Guo, W. Zhang, Y. Gu, J. Zhang, T.P. Russell and J. Hou, “Manipulating Backbone Structure to Enhance Low Band Gap Polymer Photovoltaic Performance,” Advanced Energy Materials, 3(7), 930-937 (2013).

M. Bag, T.S. Gehan, D. Algaier, F. Wang, G. Nagarjuna, P.M. Lahti, T.P. Russell and D. Venkataraman, “Efficient Charge Transport in Assemblies of Surfactant-Stabilized Semiconducting Nanoparticles,“ Advanced Materials, 25(44), 6411-6415, (November 2013).

H. Zhao, W. Gu, R. Kakuchi, E. Sterner, T.P. Russell, E.B. Coughlin and P. Theato, “Photocleavable Triblock Copolymers Featuring an Activated Ester Middle Block: ‘One-step’ Synthesis and Application as Locally Reactive Nanoporous Thin Films,” ACS Macro Letters, 2(11), 966-969 (2013).

H.-W. Wang, E. Pentzer, T.S. Emrick and T.P. Russell, “Preparation of Low Band Gap Polymeric Fibrillar Structures by Solvent Induced Crystallization,” ACS Macro Letters, 3(1), 30-34 (2013).

R. Takekoh and T.P. Russell, “Multi-length Scale Porous Polymers,” Advanced Functional Materials, 24(10), 1483-1489 (2013).

X. Wei, J.W. Strzalka, L. Li, T.P. Russell, “Tailoring Block Copolymer Morphologies via Alkyne/Azide Cycloaddition,” Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 50(1), 55-64 (2012).

G.V. Kolmakov, T.S. Emrick, T.P. Russell, AJ Crosby, and A.C. Balazs, “Design of a Repair-and-Go System for Site-Specific Healing at the Nanoscale,” V. Amendola and M. Meneghetti editors, CRC Press (2012).

X. Wei, W. Gu, W. Chen, X. Shen, F. Liu, J.W. Strzalka, Z. Jiang, and T.P. Russell, “Disorder-to-Order Transitions Induced by Alkyne/Azide Click Chemistry in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films,” Soft Matter, 8(19), 5273-5282 (2012).

Y. Gu, C. Wang, and T.P. Russell, “Multi-length Scale Morphologies in PCPDTBT/PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells,” Advanced Energy Materials, 2(6), 683-690 (2012).

J.W. Jung, F. Liu, T.P. Russell and W.H. Jo, “A High Mobility Conjugated Polymer Based on Dithienothiophene and Diketopyrrolopyrrole for Organic Photovoltaics,” Energy and Environmental Science, 5, 6857-6861 (2012).

L. Li, X. Shen, S.W. Hong, R.C. Hayward and T.P Russell, “Fabrication of Co-continuous Nanostructured and Porous Polymer Membranes through Spinodal Decomposition of Homopolymer/Random Copolymer Blends,” Angewandte Chemie, 51(17), 4089-4094 (2012).

J.W. Mays, R. Kumar, S. Sides, M. Goswami, B.G. Sumpter, K. Hong, X. Wu, T.P. Russell, S.P. Gido, T. Tsoukatos, A. Avgeropoulos, N. Hadjichristidis and F. Beyer, “Morphologies of Poly(cyclohexadiene) Diblock Copolymers:  Effects of Conformational Asymmetry,” Polymer, 53, 5155-5162 (2012).

X. Gu, P. Dorsey, and T.P. Russell, “High Density and Large Area Arrays of Silicone Oxide Pillars with Tunable Domain Size for Mask Etch Applications,” Advanced Materials 24(40) 5505-5511 (2012).

S.W. Hong, D.L. Voronov, D.H. Lee, A. Hexemer, H.A. Padmore, T. Xu and T.P. Russell, “Controlled Orientation of Block Copolymers on Defect-free Faceted Surfaces,” Advanced Materials 24(31), 4278-4283 (2012).

F. Liu, Y. Gu, C. Wang, W. Zhao, D. Chen, A. Briseno and T.P. Russell, “Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Low Band Gap Semi-Crystalline DPP Polymer-PCBM Blends,” Advanced Materials 24(29) 3947-3951 (2012).

L.-T. Yan, E. Maresova, R.C. Hayward, T. Emrick, T.P. Russell and Anna C. Balazs, “Promoting Network Formation in Nanorod-filled Binary Blends,” Mat. Res. Soc. Symp., 1411 (2012). 

J.W. Jung, J.W. Jo, F. Liu, T.P. Russell, and W.H. Jo, “A Low Band-gap Polymer Based on Unsubstituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiopene for High Performance Organic Photovoltaics,” Chem. Comm.,  48, 6933-6935 (2012). 

C. Miesch, I. Kosif, E. Lee, J.-K. Kim, T.P. Russell, R.C. Hayward, and T. Emrick, “Nanoparticle-Stabilized Double Emulsions and Compressed Droplets,” Angewandte Chemie – International Edition, 51(1), 145-149 (2012).

S. Choi, E. Kim, H. Ahn, S. Naidu, Y. Lee, D.Y. Ryu, C.J. Hawker, and T.P. Russell, “Lamellar Microdomain Orientation and Phase Transition of Polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) Films by Controlled Interfacial Interactions,” Soft Matter, 8(12), 3463-3469 (2012).

D. Chen, W. Zhao, T.P. Russell, “P3HT Nanopillars for Organic Photovoltaic Devices Nanoimprinted by AAO Templates,” ACS Nano, 6(2), 1479-1485 (2012). 

X. Gu, Z. Liu, I. Gunkel, S.T. Chourou, S.W. Hong, D.L. Olynick, and T.P. Russell, “High Aspect Ratio Sub-15 nm Silicon Trenches From Block Copolymer Templates,” Advanced Materials, 24(42), 5688–5694 (2012).

F. Liu, Y. Gu, J.W. Jung, W.H.Jo, and T.P. Russell, “On the Morphology of Polymer-Based Photovoltaics,” Journal of Polymer Science B, 50(15), 1018-1041 (2012).

Y. Huang, X. Guo, F. Liu, L.J. Huo, Y.N. Chen, T.P. Russell, C.C. Han, Y.F. Li, and J.H. Hou, “Improving the Ordering and Photovoltaic Properties by Extending Pi-Conjugated Area of Electron-Donating Units in Polymers with D-a Structure,” Advanced Materials, 24(25), 3383-3389 (2012).

W. Zhao, T.P. Russell, and G.M. Grason, “Orientational Interactions in Block Copolymer Melts: Self-Consistent Field Theory,” Journal of Chemical Physics 137(10), 104911 (2012).

S.W. Hong, J. Huh, X. Gu, D.H. Lee, W.H. Jo, S. Park, T. Xu, and T.P. Russell, “Unidirectionally Aligned Line Patterns Driven by Entropic Effects on Faceted Surfaces,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(5), 1402-1406 (2012).

W. Gu, S.W. Hong and T.P. Russell, "Orienting Block Copolymer Microdomain with Block Copolymer Brushes," ACS Nano 6(11), 10250-10257 (2012).

S. W. Hong, X. D. Gu, J. Huh, S. Xiao and T. P. Russell, "Circular Nanopatterns Over Large Areas from the Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers Guided by Shallow Trenches," ACS Nano, 11 2011.

J. Xu, T. P. Russell, B. M. Ocko and A. Checco, “Block Copolymer Self-Assembly in Chemically Patterned Squares,” Soft Matter 7, 3915-3919 (2011).

W. Zhao, D. Chen, Y. X. Hu, G. M. Grason and T. P. Russell, “ABC Triblock Copolymer Vesicles with Mesh-Like Morphology,” ACS Nano 5, 486-492 (2011).

D. Chen, A. Nakahara, D. G. Wei, D. Nordlund and T. P. Russell, “P3HT/PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics: Correlating Efficiency and Morphology,” Nano Letters 11, 561-567 (2011).

W. Chen, J. Y. Wang, X. Y. Wei, J. Xu, A. Balazs, K. Matyjaszewski and T. P. Russell, “UV-Enhanced Ordering in Azobenzene-Containing Polystyrene-block-Poly(n-Butyl Methacrylate) Copolymer Blends,” Macromolecules 44, 278-285 (2011).

W. Chen, X. Y. Wei, A. C. Balazs, K. Matyjaszewski and T. P. Russell, "Phase Behavior and Photoresponse of Azobenzene-Containing Polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Block Copolymers," Macromolecules 44, 1125-1131 (2011).

D. H. Lee, S. Park, W. Y. Gu and T. P. Russell, "Highly Ordered Nanoporous Template from Triblock Copolymer," ACS Nano 5, 1207-1214 (2011).

B. Kim, S. W. Hong, S. Park, J. Xu, S. K. Hong and T. P. Russell, "Phase Transition Behavior in Thin Films of Block Copolymers by Use of Immiscible Solvent Vapors," Soft Matter 7, 443-447 (2011).

Z.M. Al-Badril, R.R. Maddikeril, Y. Zha, H.D. Thaker, P. Dobriyal, R. Shunmugam, T.P. Russell and G.N. Tew, “Room Temperature Magnetic Materials from Nanostructured Diblock Copolymers,” Nature Communications 2, 486 (2011).

T. Irita, D. Chen, X. Li, J. Wang and T.P. Russell, “Thin Films of Semifluorinated Block Copolymers Prepared by ATRP,” Macromol. Chem. Phys. 212, (2011).

L. Li, X. Shen, S.W. Hong, R.C. Hayward and T.P Russell, “Fabrication of Co-continuous Nanostructured and Porous Polymer Membranes through Spinodal Decomposition of Homopolymer/Random Copolymer Blends,” Angewandte Chemie, 51(17), 4089-4094 (2012).

J.W. Mays, R. Kumar, S. Sides, M. Goswami, B.G. Sumpter, K. Hong, X. Wu, T.P. Russell, S.P. Gido, T. Tsoukatos, A. Avgeropoulos, N. Hadjichristidis and F. Beyer, “Morphologies of poly(cyclohexadiene) diblock copolymers: Effects of conformational asymmetry,” Polymer, 53, 5155-5162 (2012).

​J. U. Lee, J. W. Jung, T. Emrick, T. P. Russell and W. H. Jo, “Morphology Control of ​Polythiopene-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction for Enhancement of High Temperature Stability of Solar Cell Performance by a New Donor-Acceptor Diblock Copolymer,” Nanotechnology 21(10), 105201 (2010).

G. V. Kolmakov, R. Revanur, R. Tangirala, T. Emrick, T. P. Russell, A. J. Crosby and A. C. Balazs, “Using Nanoparticle-filled Microcapsules for Site-specific Healing of Damaged Substrates: Creating a ‘Repair-and-Go’ System,” ACS Nano 4(2), 1115-1123 (2010).

S. Park, S. C. Moon, D. Chen, R. J. Farris and T. P. Russell, “Preparation of 1-inch Gold Nanowires from PS-b-P4VP Block Copolymers,” Journal of Materials Chemistry 20(6), 1198-1202 (2010).

J. L. Lutkenhaus, K. McEnnis, A. Serghei and T. P. Russell, “Confinement Effects on Crystallization and Curie Transitions of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene),” Macromolecules 43(8), 3844-3850 (2010).

H. D. Koh, S. Park and T. P. Russell, “Fabrication of Pt/Au Concentric Spheres from Triblock Copolymer,” ACS NANO 4(2), 1124-1130 (2010).

J. U. Lee, J. W. Jung, T. Emrick, T. P. Russell and W. H. Jo, “Synthesis of C-60-end capped P3HT and its application for high performance of P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells,” Journal of Materials Chemistry 20(16), 3287-3294 (2010).

J. U. Lee, A. Cirpan, T. Emrick, T. P. Russell and W. H. Jo, “ Morphology Control of Polythiophene-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction for Enhancement of High Copolymer,” Nanotechnology 21, 105201 (2010).

Y. Lee, T. P. Russell and W. H. Jo, “Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Low-Bandgap Alternating Copolymers Consisting of 3-Hexylthiophene and [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4-g]Quinoxaline Derivatives,” Organic Electronics 11(5), 846-853 (2010).

J. Lee, K. Sun, B. Li, Y. Sie, X. Wei and T. P. Russell, “Multiple-level threshold switching behavior of In2Se3 confined in a nanostructured silicon substrate,” Applied Physics Letters 97(9), 092114/1-092114/3 (2010).

L. Li, K. Matsunaga, J. Zhu, T. Higuchi, H. Yabu, M. Shimomura, H. Jinnai, R. Hayward and T. P. Russell, “ Solvent-driven Evolution of Block Copolymer Morphology Under 3D Confinement,” Macromolecules 43(18), 7807-7812 (2010).

A. Serghei, J. Lutkenhaus, D. Miranda, K. McEnnis, F. Kremer and T. P. Russell, “Density Fluctuations and Phase Transitions of Ferroelectric Polymer Nanowires,” Small 6(16), 1822-1826 (2010).

K. Sun, J. Y. Lee, B. Li, W. Liu, C. Miao, Y. Xie, X. Wei and T. P. Russell, “Fabrication and Field Emission Study of Atomically Sharp High-density Tungsten Nanotip Arrays,” Journal of Applied Physics 108(3), 036102/1-036102/3 (2010).

J. Huang, B. Davidovitch, C. Santangelo, T. P. Russell and N. Menon, “Smooth Cascade of Wrinkles at the Edge of a Floating Elastic Film,” Physical Review Letters 105(3), 038302/1-038302/4 (2010).

K. Du, E. Glogowski, T. Emrick, T. P. Russell and A Dinsmore, “Adsorption Energy of Nano- and Microparticles at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces,” Langmuir 26(15), 12518-12522 (2010).

X. Wei, W. Chen, X. Chen and T. P. Russell, “Disorder-to-Order Transition of Diblock Copolymers Induced by Alkyne/Azide Click Chemistry,” Macromolecules 43(14), 6234-6236 (2010).

H. Cho, H. Park, T. P. Russell and S. Park, “Precise Placements of Metal Nanoparticles from Reversible Block Copolymer Nanostructures,” Jour of Materials Chemistry 20(24), 5047-5051 (2010).

J. Xu, S. Park, S. Wang, T. P. Russell, B. Ocko and A. Checco, “ Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers on Two-Dimensional Chemical Patterns Fabricated by Electro-Oxidation Nanolithography,” Advanced Materials 22(20), 2268-2272 (2010).

S. Park, D. Lee and T. P. Russell, "Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers on Flexible Substrates,” Advanced Materials 22(16), 1882-1884 (2010).

J. Tang, H. Wang, D. Lee, M. Fardy, Z. Huo, T. P. Russell and P. Yang, “Holey Silicon as an Efficient Thermoelectric Material,” Nano Letters 10, 4279-4283 (2010).

D. F. Miranda, T. P. Russell and J. J. Watkins, "Ordering in Mixtures of a Triblock Copolymer with a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid," Macromolecules 43, 10528-10535 (2010).

A. Serghei, D. Chen, D. H. Lee and T. P. Russell, “Segmental dynamics of polymers during capillary flow into nanopores,” Soft Matter 6(6), 1111-1113 (2010).

Y. X. Hu, D. Chen, S. Park, T. Emrick and T. P. Russell, “Guided Assemblies of Ferritin Nanocages: Highly Ordered Arrays of Monodisperse Nanoscopic Elements,” Advanced Materials 22(23), 2583-2587 (2010).

S. Park and T. P. Russell, "Nanoscale Patterning in Block Copolymer Thin Films," Nano 5(1), (2010).

E. Kim, S. Choi, R. Guo, D. Y. Ryu, C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "Transition Behavior of PS-b-PMMA Films on the Balanced Interfacial Interactions," Polymer 51, 6313-6318 (2010).

A. Serghei, W. Zhao, X. Wei, D. Chen and T. P. Russell, "Nanofluidics with Phase Separated Block-Copolymers: Glassy Dynamics During Capillary Flow," Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 189, 95-101 (2010).

Y. X. Hu, D. Samanta, S. S. Parelkar, S. W. Hong, T. P. Russell and T. Emrick, "Ferritin-Polymer Conjugates: Grafting Chemistry and Integration into Nanoscale," Advanced Functional Materials 20, 3603-3612 (2010).

M. Bihari, T. P. Russell and D. A. Hoagland, "Dissolution and Dissolved State of Cytochrome c in a Neat, Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid," Biomacromolecules 11, 2944-2948 (2010).

H. Y. Lu, D. H. Lee and T. P. Russell, "Temperature Tunable Micellization of Polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) at Si-Ionic Liquid Interface," Langmuir 26, 17126-17132 (2010).

K. Sun, J. Y. Lee, B. Y. Li, W. Liu, C. Q. Miao, Y. H. Xie, X. Y. Wei and T. P. Russell, "Fabrication and Field Emission Study of Atomically Sharp High-density Tungsten Nanotip," Journal of Applied Physics 108, 036102 (2010).

H. Park, T. P. Russell and S. Park, "Spatial Control of Dewetting: Highly Ordered Teflon Nanospheres," J Colloid Interface Sci. 348, 416-423 (2010).

​Chen, D., Chen, J.-T., Glogowski, E., Emrick, T., and Russell, T. P., "Thin Film Instabilities in Blends under Cylindrical Confinement," Macromolecular Rapid Communications 30, 377-383 (2009).

J.-T. Chen, D. Chen and T.P. Russell, "Fabrication of hierarchical structures by wetting porous templates with polymer microspheres," Langmuir 25, 4331-4335 (2009)

J. He, Z. Niu, R. Tangirala, J.-Y. Wang, X. Wei, G. Jutz, A. Boker, B. Lee, S. V. Pingali, P. Thiyagarajan, Q. Wang, T. Emrick and T.P. Russell, "Self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus at oil/water interfaces," Langmuir 25, 4979-87 (2009).

Park, S., Kim, B., Xu, J., Hofmann, T., Ocko, B., and Russell, T.P., "Lateral ordering of cylindrical microdomains under solvent vapor," Macromolecules 42(4), 1278-1284 (2009).

S. Park, D.H. Lee, J. Xu, B. Kim, S.W. Hong, U. Jeong, T. Xu and T.P. Russell, "Macroscopic 10- terabit-per-square-inch arrays from block copolymers with lateral order," Science 323, 1030-1033 (2009).

Park, S., Kim, B., Cirpan, A., and Russell, T.P., "Preparation of Metallic Line Patterns from Functional Block Copolymers," Small 5(11), 1343-1348 (2009).

S. Park, O. Yavuzcetin, B. Kim, M.T. Tuominen and T.P. Russell, "A simple top-down/bottom-up approach to sectored, ordered arrays of nanoscopic elements using block copolymers," Small 5, 1064-1069 (2009).

J.-Y. Wang, W. Chen and T.P. Russell (2009). Patterning with block copolymers. Unconventional nanopatterning techniques and applications. J. A. Rogers and H. H. Lee. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: 233-290.

C.-F. Huang, W. Chen, T.P. Russell, A.C. Balazs, F.-C. Chang and K. Matyjaszewski, "Synthesis of Photoisomerizable block copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization," Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 210(18), 1484-1492 (2009).

J. I. Lee, J. K. Kim, J. K. Kim, Y. C. Kim, J.-W. Yu and T. P. Russell, "Highly Aligned Ultra-High Density Arrays of Conducting Polymer Nanorods Using Block Copolymer Templates,” Nano Letters 8(8), 2315-2320 (2009).

D.Y. Ryu, S. Ham, E. Kim, U. Jeong, C. Hawker and T. Russell, "Cylindrical microdomain orientation of ps-b-pmma on the balanced interfacial interaction: Composition effect of block copolymers," Macromolecules 42(13), 4902-4906 (2009).

​J. Bae, E. Glogowski, S. Gupta, T. Emrick and T.P. Russell, "Effect of nanoparticle on the electrohydrodynamic instability of polymer/nanoparticle thin film," Macromolecules 41(7), 2722-2726 (2008).

J. Bang, B.J. Kim, G.E. Stein, T.P. Russell, X. Li, J. Wang, E.J. Kramer and C.J. Hawker, "Effect of humidity on the ordering of PEO-based copolymer thin films," Macromolecules 40(19), 7019-7025 (2007).

M. A. Bruckman, G. Kaur, L. A. Lee, F. Xie, J. Sepulveda, T. Russell, T. Emrick and Q. Wang, "Surface modification of tobacco mosaic virus with click chemistry and the cell adhesion study," ChemBioChem 9, 519-523 (2008).

L. Ding, H. Mao, J. Xu, J. He, X. Ding and T.P. Russell, "Morphological study on an azobenzene-containing liquid crystalline diblock copolymer," Macromolecules 41(6), 1897-1900 (2008).

J.-C. Eloi, D.A. Rider, J.-Y. Wang, T.P. Russell and I. Manners, "Amorphous diblock copolymers with a high organometallic block volume fraction: Synthesis, characterization and self-assembly of polystyrene-block poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) in the bulk state,"Macromolecules 41, 9474-9479 (2008).

J.K. Ferri, P. Carl, N. Gorevski, T.P. Russell, Q. Wang, A. Boeker and A. Fery, "Separating membrane and surface tension contributions in Pickering droplet deformation," Soft Matter4, 2259-2266 (2008).

Sujin Ham, Changhak Shin, Eunhye Kim, Du Yeol Ryu, Unyong Jeong, Thomas P. Russell and Craig J. Hawker, “Microdomain orientation of PS-b-PMMA by controlled interfacial interactions,” Macromolecules 41, 6431-6437 (2008)

E. Kim, C. Shin, H. Ahn, D. Y. Ryu, J. Bang, C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "Size Control and Registration of Nano-structured Thin Films by Cross-linkable Units," Soft Matter 4(11), 475-479 (2008).

S.H. Kim, M.J. Misner and T.P. Russell, "Controlling orientation and order in block copolymer thin films," Advanced Materials 20(24), 4851-4856 (2008).

Q. Li, J. He, E. Glogowski, X. Li, J. Wang, T. Emrick and T.P. Russell, "Responsive assemblies: Gold nanoparticles with mixed ligands in microphase separated block copolymers," Advanced Materials 20(8), 1462 (2008).

T. Li, Z. Niu, T. Emrick, T.P. Russell and Q. Wang, "Core/Shell biocomposites from the hierarchical assembly of bionanoparticles and polymer," Small 4, 1624-1629 (2008).

S. Nagarajan, R. A. Pai, T. P. Russell, J. J. Watkins, M. Li, J. K. Bosworth, P. Busch, D.-M. Smilgies and C. K. Ober, "An Efficient Route to Mesoporous Silica Films with Perpendicular Nanochannels," Adv. Mat. 20, 246-251 (2008).

S. Nagarajan, J.K. Bosworth, C.K. Ober, T.P. Russell and J.J. Watkins, "Simple fabrication of micro-patterned mesoporous silica films using pags in block copolymers," Chemistry of Materials 20(3), 604-606 (2008).

S. Nagarajan, T.P. Russell and J.J. Watkins, "Dual-tone patterned mesoporous silicate films templated from chemically amplified block copolymers," Advanced Functional Materials 19(17), 2728-2734 (2009).

S. Park, J.-Y. Wang, B. Kim, J. Xu and T.P. Russell, "A simple route to highly oriented and ordered nanoporous block copolymer templates," ACS Nano 2(4), 766-772 (2008).

S. Park, J.-Y. Wang, B. Kim and T. P. Russell, "Fabrication of Highly Ordered Silicon Oxide Dots and Stripes from Block Copolymer Thin Films," Adv. Mat. 20, 681-685 (2008).

S. Park, J.Y. Wang, B. Kim and T.P. Russell, "From nanorings to nanodots by patterning with block copolymers," Nano Letters 8(6), 1667-1672 (2008).

Park, S., Kim, B., Yavuetin, O., Tuominen, M.T., and Russell, T.P., "Ordering of PS-b-P4VP on Patterned Silicon Surfaces," ACS Nano 2(7), 1363-1370 (2008).

D. A. Rider, K. Liu, J.-C. Eloi, L. Vanderark, L. Yang, J. Wang, D. Grozea, Z.-H. Lu, T. P. Russell and I. Manners, "Nanostructured Magnetic Films from Organometallic Block Copolymers: Pyrolysis of Self-Assembled Polystyrene-B-Poly(Ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) Thin Films," ACS Nano 2, 263-270 (2008).

D.K. Singh, R.V. Krotkov, H. Xiang, T. Xu, T.P. Russell and M.T. Tuominen, "Arrays of ultrasmall metal rings," Nanotechnology 19(24), Art. No. 245305 (2008).

D.K. Singh, S. Yngvesson, T.P. Russell and M.T. Tuominen, "Anomalous suppression of transition temperature in superconducting nanostructured honeycomb films," Physical Review B 77, 174512 (2008).

Shin, C., et al., “Transition Behavior of Block Copolymer Thin Films on Preferential Surfaces,” Macromolecules, 41, 9140-4145

O.K.C. Tsui and T.P. Russell, Eds. (2008). Polymer thin films. Soft condensed matter, vol 1, World Scientific.

J.-Y. Wang, W. Chen, C. Roy, J. D. Sievert and T. P. Russell, "Influence of Ionic Complexes on Phase Behavior of Polystyrene-B-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers),"Macromolecules 19, 4552-4557 (2008)

J. Wang, W. Chen and T.P. Russell, "Ion-complexation-induced changes in the interaction parameter and the chain conformation of ps-b-pmma copolymers," Macromolecules41(13), 4904-4907 (2008).

J. Wang, W. Chen, J. Sievert and T.P. Russell, "Lamellae orientation in block copolymer films with ionic complexes," Langmuir 24(7), 3545-3550 (2008).

J. Bang, J. Bae, P. Loewenhielm, C. Spiessberger, S. A. Given-Beck, T. P. Russell and C. J. Hawker, "Facile Routes to Patterned Surface Neutralization Layers for Block Copolymer Lithography," Adv. Mater. 19, 4552-4557 (2007).

A. Böker, J. He, T. S. Emrick and T. P. Russell, "Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles at Interfaces," Soft Matter 3, 1231-1248 (2007).

K. Cavicchi and T. P. Russell, "Solvent Annealed Thin Films of Asymmetric Polyisoprene-Polylactide Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 40, 1181-1186 (2007).

J.-T. Chen, M. Zhang and T. P. Russell, "Instabilities in Nanoporous Media," Nano Letters, 183-187 (2007).

J.-T. Chen, M. Zhang, L. Yang, M. Collins, J. Parks, A. Avallone and T. P. Russell, "Templated Nanostructured Ps-B-Peo Nanotubes," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 45, 3923-3927 (2007).

L. Ding and T. P. Russell, "A Photoactive Polymer with Azobenzene Chromophore in the Side Chains," Macromolecules 40(6), 2267-2270 (2007).

E. Glogowski, R. Tangirala, J. He, T. P. Russell and T. Emrick, "Microcapsules of Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles Prepared by Fluid-Fluid Interfacial Assembly," Nano Letters 7, 389-393 (2007).

J. He, R. Tangirala, A. Boker, X. Li, J. Wang, T. Emrick and T. P. Russell, "Self-Assembly of Nanoparticle-Copolymer Mixtures: A Kinetic Point of View," Adv. Mater. 19, 381-385 (2007).

J. He, Q. Zhang, S. Gupta, T. Emrick, T. P. Russell and P. Thiyagarajan, "Drying Droplets: A Window into the Behavior of Nanorods at Interfaces," Small 3, 1214-1217 (2007).

J. Huang, M. Juszkiewicz, W. H. d. Jeu, E. Cerda, T. Emrick, N. Menon and T. P. Russell, "Capillary Wrinkling of Floating Thin Films," Science 317, 650-653 (2007).

B. Kim, S. Park, T. J. McCarthy and T. P. Russell, "Fabrication of Ordered Anodic Alumina Using a Solvent-Induced Array of Block-Copolymer Micelles," Small 3(11), 1869-1872 (2007).

Y. J. Kim, D. Shin, D. R. Vutukuri, S. Y. Kim, S. Thayumanavan and T. P. Russell, "Globular Organization of Multifunctional Linear Homopolymer Using Trifunctional Molecules,"Macrmolecules 40, 4267-4275 (2007).

S. Kutuzov, J. He, R. Tangirala, T. Emrick, T. P. Russell and A. Boeker, "Kinetics on the Nanoparticle Self-Assembly at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces," Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9, 6351-6358 (2007).

T. Li, Z. Niu, T. Emrick, T. P. Russell and Q. Wang, "Raspberry-Like Core-Shell Nanocomposite from Hierarchical Assembly of Virus and Polymer," Virus Nanotechnology, DOI: 10.1002/anie.2007 (2007).

S. Park, Jia-Yu, B. Kim, W. Chen and T. P. Russell, "Solvent-Induced Transition from Micelles in Solution to Perpendicular Oriented Cylinders in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films,"Macrmolecules 40, 9059-9063 (2007).

S. Park, J.-Y. Wang, B. Kim and T. P. Russell, "A Simple Route for Preparation of Silicon Oxide Dots and Stripes from Nanopatterned Block Copolymer Thin Films," Adv. Mater., 10.1002/adma.200701997 (2007).

D. A. Rider, K. A. Cavicchi, L. Vanderark, T. P. Russell and I. Manners, "Orientationally Controlled Nanoporous Cylindrical Domains in Polystyrene-B-Poly(Ferrocenylethylmethyl silane) Block Copolymer Films," Macromolecules 40, 3790-3796 (2007).

D. Y. Ryu, J.-Y. Wang, K. A. Lavery, E. Drockenmuller, S. K. Satija, C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "Surface Modification with Crosslinked Random Copolymers: Minimum Effective Thickness," Macrmolecules 40, 4296-4300 (2007).

K. Shin, S. Obukhov, J.-T. Chen, J. Huh, S. Mok, P. Dobryal, P. Thiyagarajan and T. P. Russell, "Enhanced Mobility of Confined Polymers," Nature Mats. 6, 961-965 (2007).

R. Tangirala, R. Revanur, T. P. Russell and T. S. Emrick, "Sizing Nanoparticle-Covered Droplets by Extrusion through Track-Etch Membranes," Langmuir 23(3), 965-969 (2007).

T.-S. Yoon, H.-M. Kim, K.-B. Kim, D. Y. Ryu, T. P. Russell, Z. Zhao, J. Liu and Y.-H. Xie, "Microstructure Analysis of Epitaxially Grown Self-Assembled Ge Islands on Nanometer-Scale Patterned Sio2/Si Substrates by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy,"J. Appl. Phys. 102, 104306 (2007).

M. Zhang, L. Yang, S. Yurt, M. J. Misner, E. B. Coughlin, D. Venkataraman and T. P. Russell, "Highly Ordered Nanoporous Thin Films from Cleavable Polystyrene-B-Poly(Ethylene Oxide),"Adv. Mater. 19, 1571-1576 (2007).

D. Zschech, D. H. Kim, A. P. Milenin, R. Scholz, R. Hillebrand, C. J. Hawker, T. P. Russell, M. Steinhart and U. Goesele, "Ordered Arrays of <100>-Oriented Silicon Nanorods by Block Copolymer Lithography," Nano Letters 7(6), 1516-1520 (2007).

Alvine, K. J., D. Pontoni, et al., "Solvent mediated assembly of nanoparticles confined in mesoporous alumina." Physical Review B (2006) 73(12): Art. No. 125412.

Alvine, K. J., O. G. Shpyrko, et al., "Capillary Filling of Anodized Alumina Nanopore Arrays." Physical Review Letters (2006) 97: 175503.

Balazs, A. C., T. S. Emrick, et al., "Nanoparticle Polymer Composites: Where Two Small Worlds Meet." Science (2006) 314: 1107-1110.

Bang, J., S. H. Kim, et al., "Defect-free Nanoporous Polymer Films from ABC Triblock Copolymers." Journal of the American Chemical Society (2006) 128: 7622-7629.

Chen, J.-T., K. Shin, et al., "Amorphous Carbon Nanotubes with Tunable Properties via Template Wetting." Advanced Functional Materials (2006) 16(11): 1476-1480.

Dickey, M. D., S. Gupta, et al., "Novel 3-D Structures in Polymer Films by Coupling External and Internal Fields." Langmuir (2006) 22: 4315-4318.

Ding, L. and T. P. Russell, "Photophysical Properties of Perdeuterated trans-Stilbene Grafted Polystyrene." Macromolecules (2006) 39: 6776-6780.

Frey, M. T., I. Y. Tsai, et al. "Cellular Responses to Substrate Topography: Role of Myosin II and Focal Adhesion Kinase." Biophysical Journal (2006) 90: 3774-3782.

Glogowski, E., R. Tangirala, et al., "Functionalization of Nanoparticles for Dispersion in Polymers and Assembly in Fluids." Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry (2006) 44(17): 5076.

Gowrishankar, V., N. Miller, et al., "Fabrication of densely-packed, well-ordered, high-aspect-ratio silicon nanopillars over large areas using block copolymer lithography." Thin Solid Films (2006) 513: 289-294.

Gupta, S., Q. Zhang, et al., "Entropy-driven segregation of nanoparticles to cracks in multilayered composite polymer structures." Nature Materials (2006) 5(3): 229-233.

Gupta, S., Q. Zhang, et al., "Self-Corralling Nanorods Under An Applied Electric Field." Nano Letters (2006) 6(9): 2066.

Kim, D. H., K. H. A. Lau, et al., "An Optical Waveguide Study on the Nanopore Formation in Block Copolymer/Hompolymer Thin Films by Selective Solvent Swelling." Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2006) 110(31): 15381-15388.

Kim, H. J., S. B. Kim, et al., "Phase Behavior of a Weakly Interacting Block Copolymer by Temperature-Dependent FTIR Spectroscopy." Macromolecules (2006) 39: 408-412.

Kim, S. H., M. J. Misner, et al., "Salt Complexation in Block Copolymer Thin Films." Macromolecules (2006) 39: 8473-8479.

Lavery, K. A., J. D. Sievert, et al., "Influence of Carbon Dioxide Swelling on the Closed-Loop Phase Behavior of Block Copolymers." Macromolecules (2006) 39: 6580-6583.

Leiston-Belanger, J. M., J. Penelle, et al., "Synthesis and Microphase Separation of Poly(styrene-b-acrylonitrile) prepared by sequential anionic and ATRP techniques." Macromolecules (2006) 39: 1766-1770.

Li, C., D. H. Lee, et al., "Closed Loop phae behavior for weakly-interacting block copolymers." Macromolecules (2006) 39: 5926-5930.

Lu, J., D. Chamberlin, et al., "Using a ferrocenylsilane-based block copolymer as a template to produce nanotextured Ag surfaces: uniformly enhanced surface enhanced Raman scattering active substrates." Nanotechnology (2006) 17(23): 5792-5797.

Niu, Z., V. S. Kotakadi, et al., "Study and characterization of tobacco mosaic virus head-to-tail assembly assisted by aniline polymerization." Chem. Comm. (2006) 28: 3019-3021.

Tsai, I. Y., J. A. Green, et al., "Novel transparent nano- to micro-heterogeneous substrates for in-situ cell migration study." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A (2006) 80A(2): 509-512.

Wang, J.-Y., J. Leiston-Belanger, et al., "Ion Complexation: A Route to Enhanced Block Copolymer Alignment with Electric Fields." Physical Review Letters (2006) 96: 128301-128304.

Wang, J.-Y., J. M. Leiston-Belanger, et al., "Grain Rotation in Thin Films: Ionic-Complexes-Induced Mechanism Transition of Aligning Symmetric Block Copolymers under an Electric Field." Macromolecules (2006) 39: 8487-8491.

Yang, S. Y., I. Ryu, et al., "Nanoporous Membrane with Ultrahigh Selectivity and Flux Suitable for Filtration of Viruses." Advanced Materials (2006) 18: 709-712.

Yoon, T. S., Z. M. Zhao, et al., "Growth behavior and microstructure of Ge self-assembled islands on nanometer-scale patterned Si substrate." Journal of Crystal Growth (2006) 290(2): 369-373.

Yoon, T.-S., Z. Zhao, et al., "Selective growth of Ge islands on nanometer-scale patterned SiO2/Si substrate by molecular beam epitaxy." Applied Physics Letters (2006) 89: 063107-063107-3.

Zhang, M., P. Dobriyal, et al., "Wetting Cylindrical Alumina Nanopores with Polymer Melts." Nano Letters (2006) 6: 1075-1079.

Zhang, M. and T. P. Russell., "Graft Copolymers from Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization." Macromolecules (2006) 39: 3531-3539.

Zhang, Q., S. Gupta, et al., "Surface Functionalized CdSe Nanorods for Assembly in Diblock Copolymer Templates." Journal of the American Chemical Society (2006) 128: 3898-3899.

Zhao, Z. M., T. S. Yoon, et al., "The challenges in guided self-assembly of Ge and InAs quantum dots on Si." Thin Solid Films (2006) 508: 195-199.

Zschech, D., D. H. Kim, et al., "High-Temperature Resistant, Ordered Gold Nanoparticle Arrays." Nanotechnology (2006) 17(9): 2122-2126.

Agrawal, A., J. Park, et al. (2005). "Controlling the location and spatial extent of nanobubbles using hydrophobically nanopatterned surfaces." Nano Letters 5: 1751-1756.

Cavicchi, K. A., K. J. Berthiaume, et al. (2005). "Solvent Annealing Thin Films of Poly(isoprene-b-laftide)." Polymer 46: 11635-11639.

Drockenmuller, E., L. Y. T. Li, et al. (2005). "Covalent Stabilization of Nanostructures: Robust Block Copolymer Templates from Novel Thermo-Reactive Systems." Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Chemistry 43: 1028-1037.

Glogowski, E., J. B. He, et al. (2005). "Mixed monolayer coverage on gold nanoparticles for interfacial stabilization of immiscible fluids." Chemical Communications(32): 4050-4052.

Hawker, C. J. and T. P. Russell (2005). "Block copolymer lithography: Merging of "Bottom Up" with "Top down" Processes." MRS Bulletin 30: 952-966.

Hu, X., Y. Zhu, et al. (2005). "The effect of molecular architecture on the grain growth kinetics of AnBn Star block copolymers." Faraday Discussions 128: Self Organizing Polymers: 103-112.

Hu, X., Y. Zhu, et al. (2005). "Grain Growth Kinetics of AnBn Star Block Copolymers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Macromolecules 38: 4719-4728.

Kennedy, S. B., K. Littrell, et al. (2005). "Controlled Structure in Artificial Protein Hydrogels." Macromolecules 38: 7470-7475.

Kim, D. H., J. W. F. Robertson, et al. (2005). "Thin Films of Block Copolymers as Planar Optical Waveguides." Advanced Materials 20: 2442-2446.

Kim, D. H., Z. Sun, et al. (2005). "Organic-Inorganic Nanohybridization by Block Copolymer Thin Films." Advanced Functional Materials 15: 1160-1164.

Leach, K. A., S. Gupta, et al. (2005). "Electric Field and Dewetting Induced Hierarchical Structure Formation in Polymer/Polymer/Air Trilayers." Chaos 15(4): Art. No. 047506.

Leach, K. A., Z. Lin, et al. (2005). "Early Stages in the Growth of Electric Field-Induced Surface Fluctuations." Macromolecules 38: 4868-4873.

Leiston-Belanger, J. M., T. P. Russell, et al. (2005). "A Thermal and Manufacturable Approach to Stabilized Diblock Copolymer Templates." Macromolecules 38: 7676-7683.

Lin, Y., A. Böker, et al. (2005). "A Self-Directed Self Assembly of Nanoparticles and Block Copolymers." Nature 434: 55-59.

Lin, Y., A. Böker, et al. (2005). "Nanoparticle Assembly at Fluid Interfaces: Structure and Dynamics." Langmuir 21: 191-196.

Lu, J. Q., T. E. Kopley, et al. (2005). "High quality single walled carbon nanotubes with small diameter, controlled density and ordered locations produced from a polyferrocenylsilane block copolymer." Chemistry of Materials 17(9): 2227.

Malkoch, M., K. Schleicher, et al. (2005). "Structurally diverse dendritic libraries: A highly efficient functionalization approach using Click chemistry." Macromolecules 38(9): 3663-3678.

Malkoch, M., R. J. Thibault, et al. (2005). "Orthogonal approaches to the simultaneous and cascade functionalization of macromolecules using click chemistry." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127(42): 14942-14949.

Melde, B. J., S. L. Burkett, et al. (2005). "Silica Nanostructures Templated by Oriented Block Copolymer Thin Films Using Pore Filling and Selective Mineralization Routes." Chemistry of Materials 17(18): 4743-4749.

Rider, D. A., K. N. Power-Billard, et al. (2005). "Diblock Copolymers with Amorphous Polyferrocenylsilane Blocks: Synthesis, Characterization and Self-Assembly of Polystyrene-block-Poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) in the Bulk State." Macromolecules 38: 6931-6938.

Russell, J. T., Y. Lin, et al. (2005). "Self-Assembly and Cross-Linking of Bionanoparticles at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces." Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44: 2-8.

Ryu, D. Y., K. Shin, et al. (2005). "A Generalized Approach to Surface Modification." Science 308: 236-239.

Shin, D., K. Shin, et al. (2005). "A Morphological Study of a Semicrystalline Poly(L-Lactic acid-b-Ethylene oxide-b-L-Lactic acid), Triblock Copolymer." Macromolecules 38: 104-109.

Skaff, H., Y. Lin, et al. (2005). "Crosslinked capsules of quantum dots by interfacial assembly and ligand crosslinking." Advance Materials 17: 2082-2086.

Ursache, A., J. T. Goldbach, et al. (2005). "Pulse electrodeposition and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance techniques for high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy cobalt nanowire arrays." Journal of Applied Physics 97(10): Art. No. 10J322 Part 3.

Xiang, H., K. Shin, et al. (2005). "The influence of confinement and curvature on the morphology of block copolymers." Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics 43: 3377-3383.

Xiang, H., K. Shin, et al. (2005). "From Cylinders to Helices Upon Confinement." Macromolecules 38: 1055-1056.

Xu, T., C. J. Hawker, et al. (2005). "Interfacial Interaction Dependence of Microdomain Orientation in Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films." Macromolecules 38: 2802-2805.

Xu, T., A. V. Zvelindovsky, et al. (2005). "Electric-field alignment of asymmetric diblock copolymer thin films." Macromolecules 38: 10788-10798.

Zhang, Q., T. Xu, et al. (2005). "Controlled placement of CdSe nanoparticles in diblock copolymer templates by electrophoretic deposition." Nano Letters 5(2): 357-361.

S. D. Hong, M. Shen, R. S. Stein and T. P. Russell, "Rheo-Optical Studies of Blends of Poly(Styrene-B-Butadiene-B-Styrene)," Polymer Alloys, 72 (1972).

W. C. Copenhafer, M. W. Kendig, T. P. Russell and P. H. Rieger, "Spectrophotometric Investigation of Vanadyl Phosphate Equilibria in Acid Media," Inorg. Chim. Acta 17(2), 167-173 (1976).

F. B. Khambatta, F. P. Warner, R. S. Stein and T. P. Russell, "Small Angle Light Scattering Studies of the Morphology of Blends of Poly(Š-Caprolactone) with Poly(Vinyl Chloride)," J. Poly. Sci., Phys. E 14, 1391 (1976).

J. F. Reardon and T. P. Russell, "Standard Potential of the Mercury-Mercurous Benzoate Electrode at 20C," Chem. Eng. Data 22, 370 (1977).

T. P. Russell, J. Koberstein, R. Prudhomme, A. Misra, R. S. Stein, J. W. Parsons and R. L. Rowell, "A Calibration Procedure for a Low-Angle Light-Scattering Apparatus," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 16(10), 1879-1882 (1978).

R. S. Stein, F. B. Khambatta, F. P. Warner, A. Escala, E. Balizer and T. P. Russell, "X-Ray and Optical Studies of the Morphology of Polymer Blends," J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Symp. 63, 313 (1978).

J. Koberstein, T. P. Russell and R. S. Stein, "Total Integrated Light-Scattering Intensity from Polymeric Solids," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 17(10), 1719-1730 (1979).

R. S. Stein, M. K. Kopp, R. E. Zedler, R. W. Hendricks, J. S. Lin and T. P. Russell, "The Use of a One-Dimensional Position Sensitive Detector with a Kratky Small Angle X-Ray Apparatus," Oak Ridge National Laboratory Technical Manuscript 6678 (1979).

E. J. Roche, R. S. Stein, T. P. Russell and W. J. Macknight, "Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study of Ionomer Deformation," J. Poly. Sci., Phys Ed.. 18(7), 1497-1512 (1980).

T. P. Russell and R. S. Stein, "Scattering Studies from Polymer Blends," J. Macro. Sci.-Phys. B17(4), 617-624 (1980).

T. P. Russell and R. S. Stein, "Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering Studies of Amorphous Polymer Blends," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 20(9), 1593-1607 (1982).

T. P. Russell, "An Absolute Intensity Standard for Small-Angle X-Ray-Scattering Measured with Position-Sensitive Detectors," J. Appl. Crystal. 16(OCT), 473-478 (1983).

T. P. Russell, H. Gugger and J. D. Swalen, "In-Plane Orientation of Polyimide," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 21(9), 1745-1756 (1983).

T. P. Russell and R. S. Stein, "An Investigation of the Compatibility and Morphology of Semicrystalline Poly(Epsilon-Caprolactone)-Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Blends," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 21(7), 999-1010 (1983).

J. F. Rabolt, T. P. Russell and R. J. Twieg, "Structural Studies of Semifluorinated Normal-Alkanes .1. Synthesis and Characterization of F(CF2)N(CH2)MH in the Solid-State," Macromolecules 17(12), 2786-2794 (1984).

T. P. Russell, "Concerning Voids in Polyimide," Polym. Engr. Sci. 24, 345 (1984).

T. P. Russell, "A Small-Angle X-Ray-Scattering Study of an Aromatic Polyimide," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 22(6), 1105-1117 (1984).

T. P. Russell, D. P. Anderson, R. S. Stein, J. J. Beres, N. S. Schneider and C. R. Desper, "Rheo-Optical Investigation of the Transition Behavior of Polyphosphazenes," Macromolecules 17(9), 1795-1799 (1984).

A. N. Goland and T. P. Russell, "Polymer Research at Synchrotron Radiation Sources," Brookhaven National Laboratory Technical Report 51847 UC-25 (1985).

S. J. Mumby, P. M. Cotts and T. P. Russell, "Preparative Fractionation of Fluorescent-Dye-Labeled Poly(Ethylene Oxide) by Aqueous Size-Exclusion Chromatography," J. Chrom. 319(2), 241-245 (1985).

G. Ronca and T. P. Russell, "Thermodynamics of Phase-Separation in Polymer Mixtures," Macromolecules 18(4), 665-670 (1985).

T. P. Russell, "Investigation of Polymer Mixtures Using Synchrotron Radiation," Polymer News 11, 70 (1985).

T. P. Russell, G. Hadziioannou and W. K. Warburton, "Phase-Separation in Low-Molecular Weight Polymer Mixtures," Macromolecules 18(1), 78-83 (1985).

T. P. Russell and J. T. Koberstein, "Simultaneous Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 23(6), 1109-1115 (1985).

R. J. Twieg, R. Siemens, J. F. Rabolt and T. P. Russell, "Observation of a "Gel" Phase in Binary Mixtures of Semifluorinated N-Alkanes with Hydrocarbon Liquids," Macromolecules 18, 1361 (1985).

G. Alfonso and T. P. Russell, "Crystallization and Melting Studies on Poly(Ethyleneoxide)/ Poly(Methylemethacrylate) Mixtures," Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology. L. A. Kleintjens and P. J. Lemstra, London, Elsevier, 132-137 (1986).

G. C. Alfonso and T. P. Russell, "Kinetics of Crystallization in Semicrystalline Amorphous Polymer Mixtures," Macromolecules 19(4), 1143-1152 (1986).

J. T. Koberstein and T. P. Russell, "Simultaneous SAXS-DSC Study of Multiple Endothermic Behavior in Polyether-Based Polyurethane Block Copolymers," Macromolecules 19(3), 714-720 (1986).

E. J. Kramer, W. Volfsen and T. P. Russell, "Interdiffusion in Polyimide Thin Films," MRS Symp. 72, 195 (1986).

T. G. Oh, W. E. Fischer, G. P. Hellmann, T. P. Russell and C. H. Wang, "The Effect of Structural Relaxation on the Rayleigh-Brillouin Spectra of Liquids Consisting of Chain Molecules," Polymer 27, 261-264 (1986).

J. F. Romanelli, J. W. Mayer, E. J. Kramer and T. P. Russell, "Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry Studies of Iodine Diffusion in Polyimide," J. Poly. Sci., Poly. Phys. E 24, 263 (1986).

T. P. Russell, J. F. Rabolt, R. J. Twieg, R. L. Siemens and B. L. Farmer, "Structural Characterization of Semifluorinated Normal-Alkanes.2. Solid-Solid Transition Behavior," Macromolecules 19(4), 1135-1143 (1986).

C. E. Williams, T. P. Russell, R. Jerome and J. Horion, "Morphological-Studies of Model Ionic Polymers," ACS Symp. Ser. 302, 22-34 (1986).

C. E. Williams, T. P. Russell, R. Jerome and J. Horrion, "Ionic Aggregation in Model Ionomers," Macromolecules 19(11), 2877-2884 (1986).

A. F. Galambos, W. B. Stockton, J. T. Koberstein, A. Sen, R. A. Weiss and T. P. Russell, "Observation of Cluster Formation in an Ionomer," Macromolecules 20(12), 3091-3094 (1987).

G. C. Gobbi, R. Silvestri, T. P. Russell, J. R. Lyerla and W. W. Fleming, "Intermolecular Polarization Transfer Study of Polymer Blend Compatibility," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. C-Poly. Let. 25(2), 61-65 (1987).

H. Ito, T. P. Russell and G. D. Wignall, "Interactions in Mixtures of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) and Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)," Macromolecules 20(9), 2213-2220 (1987).

G. Ronca and T. P. Russell, "Concentration Fluctuations of Polystyrene-Polybutadiene Blends," Phys. Rev. B 35(16), 8566-8571 (1987).

T. P. Russell, "Highlights in Small Angle Scattering During 1987," Physics Today(January) (1987).

T. P. Russell and H. R. Brown, "X-Ray Studies on the Deformation of an Aromatic Polyimide," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 25(5), 1129-1148 (1987).

T. P. Russell, H. Ito and G. D. Wignall, "Scattering Studies on Mixtures of Poly(Ethyleneoxide) with Poly(Methylmethacrylate)," Mats. Res. Soc. Symp. 79, 87 (1987).

M. A. Winnik, B. Williamson and T. P. Russell, "Small-Angle X-Ray-Scattering Studies of Polymer Colloids: Nonaqueous Dispersions of Poly(Isobutylene)-Stabilized Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Particles," Macromolecules 20(4), 899-901 (1987).

H. R. Brown, A. C. M. Yang, W. Volksen, E. J. Kramer and T. P. Russell, "Diffusion and Self-Adhesion of the Polyimide PMDA-ODA," Polymer 29, 1807 (1988).

P. F. Green, T. P. Russell, R. Jerome and M. Granville, "Diffusion of Homopolymers into Nonequilibrium Block Copolymer Structures. 1. Molecular-Weight Dependence," Macromolecules 21(11), 3266-3273 (1988).

J. L. Hedrick, B. Haidar, T. P. Russell and D. C. Hofer, "Synthesis and Properties of Segmented and Block Poly(Hydroxy Ether Siloxane) Copolymers," Macromolecules 21(7), 1967-1977 (1988).

J. L. Hedrick, D. C. Hofer, T. P. Russell and B. Haidar, "Structural Modifications of Segmented Poly(Hydroxyether-Siloxane) Copolymers," Polym. Bull. 19(6), 573-578 (1988).

T. P. Russell, H. Ito and G. D. Wignall, "Neutron and X-Ray-Scattering Studies on Semicrystalline Polymer Blends," Macromolecules 21(6), 1703-1709 (1988).

T. P. Russell, R. Jerome, P. Charlier and M. Foucart, "The Microstructure of Block Copolymers Formed Via Ionic Interactions," Macromolecules 21(6), 1709-1717 (1988).

T. P. Russell, A. Karim, A. Mansour and G. P. Felcher, "Specular Reflectivity of Neutrons by Thin Polymer Films," Macromolecules 21(6), 1890-1893 (1988).

T. P. Russell, J. S. Lin, S. Spooner and G. D. Wignall, "Intercalibration of Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron-Scattering Data," J. Appl. Crystal. 21, 629-638 (1988).

S. H. Anastasiadis, T. P. Russell, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "Neutron Reflectivity Studies of the Surface-Induced Ordering of Diblock Copolymer Films," Phys. Rev. Lett. 62(16), 1852-1855 (1989).

F. S. Bates, J. H. Rosedale, H. E. Bair and T. P. Russell, "Synthesis and Characterization of a Model Saturated-Hydrocarbon Diblock Copolymer," Macromolecules 22(6), 2557-2564 (1989).

G. Coulon, T. P. Russell, V. R. Deline and P. F. Green, "Surface-Induced Orientation of Symmetric, Diblock Copolymers: A Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Study," Macromolecules 22(6), 2581-2589 (1989).

E. Gattiglia and T. P. Russell, "Swelling Behavior of an Aromatic Polyimide," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 27, 2131-2144 (1989).

P. F. Green, T. M. Christensen, T. P. Russell and R. Jerome, "Surface Interaction in Solvent-Cast Polystyrene Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 22(5), 2189-2194 (1989).

P. F. Green, T. P. Russell, R. Jerome and M. Granville, "Temperature-Dependence of Tracer Diffusion of Homopolymers into Nonequilibrium Diblock Copolymer Structures," Macromolecules 22(2), 908-913 (1989).

J. L. Hedrick, B. Haidar, T. P. Russell and D. C. Hofer, "Synthesis and Properties of Segmented Poly(Hydroxyethersiloxane)," Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp. 25, 155-166 (1989).

J. L. Hedrick, J. W. Labadie, T. D. Palmer and T. P. Russell, "Synthesis of Imide-Aryl Ether Phenylquinoxaline Random Copolymers," Polyimides: Materials, Chemical Characteristics. C. Feger, M. M. Khojasteh and J. M. McGrath, Amsterdam, Elsevier Publishers, 61 (1989).

J. L. Hedrick, T. P. Russell, B. Haidar and A. C. M. Yang, "Structural Modifications in Hydroxy Ether Dimethyldiphenylsiloxane Copolymers," Macromolecules 22(12), 4470-4477 (1989).

W. Jark, G. Comelli, T. P. Russell and J. Stohr, "Structural Studies of Langmuir-Blodgett Multilayers by Means of Soft X-Ray Diffraction," Thin Solid Films 170(2), 309-319 (1989).

A. Karim, A. Mansour, G. P. Felcher and T. P. Russell, "A Neutron Reflection Test of the Reptation Time," Physica B 156, 430-433 (1989).

H. D. Keith, F. J. Padden and T. P. Russell, "Morphological-Changes in Polyesters and Polyamides Induced by Blending with Small Concentrations of Polymer Diluents," Macromolecules 22(2), 666-675 (1989).

J. N. Owens, I. S. Gancarz, J. T. Koberstein and T. P. Russell, "Investigation of the Microphase Separation Transition in Low-Molecular Weight Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 22(8), 3380-3387 (1989).

J. N. Owens, I. S. Gancarz, J. T. Koberstein and T. P. Russell, "Order-Disorder Transitions in Mixtures of Homopolymers with Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 22(8), 3388-3394 (1989).

T. P. Russell, W. Jark, G. Comelli and J. Stohr, "Reflectivity of Soft X-Rays by Polymer Mixtures," Mats. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 143, 265 (1989).

T. P. Russell, "Using Synchrotron Radiation to Study Polymers," Yearbook of Science and Technology, 330 (1989).

T. P. Russell, G. Coulon, V. R. Deline and D. C. Miller, "Characteristics of the Surface-Induced Orientation for Symmetric Diblock PS/PMMA Copolymers," Macromolecules 22(12), 4600-4606 (1989).

S. Tead, E. J. Kramer, T. P. Russell and W. Volksen, "Solvent and Curing Effects on Diffusion at Polyimide Interfaces," Mats. Res. Soc. Symp. Ser. 154, 283 (1989).

C. Viney, T. P. Russell, L. E. Depero and R. J. Twieg, "Transitions to Liquid-Crystalline Phases in a Semifluorinated Alkane," Mol. Crys. Liq. Crys. 168, 83-92 (1989).

C. Viney, R. J. Twieg, T. P. Russell and L. E. Depero, "The Structural Basis of Transitions between Highly Ordered Smectic Phases in Semifluorinated Alkanes," Liquid Crystals 5(6), 1783-1788 (1989).

V. S. Wakharkar, G. Coulon, V. R. Deline and T. P. Russell, "The Behavior of Thin Films of Diblock Copolymers," MRS Bull. 14, 33 (1989).

S. H. Anastasiadis, T. P. Russell, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "The Morphology of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers as Revealed by Neutron Reflectivity," J. Chem. Phys. 92(9), 5677-5691 (1990).

S. H. Anastasiadis, S. K. Satija, C. F. Majkrzak and T. P. Russell, "Temperature Dependence of the Morphology of Thin Diblock Copolymer Films as Revealed by Neutron Reflectivity," MRS Symp. 166, 145 (1990).

G. Coulon, D. Ausserre and T. P. Russell, "Interference Microscopy on Thin Diblock Copolymer Films," J. Phys. 51(8), 777-786 (1990).

G. Coulon, B. Collin, D. Ausserre, D. Chatenay and T. P. Russell, "Islands and Holes on the Free-Surface of Thin Diblock Copolymer Films. 1. Characteristics of Formation and Growth," J. Phys. 51(24), 2801-2811 (1990).

V. R. Deline, G. Coulon, D. C. Miller and T. P. Russell, "SIMS and Copolymer Ordering," SIMS VII, 359 (1990).

B. J. Factor, T. P. Russell, B. A. Smith, L. J. Fetters, B. J. Bauer and C. C. Han, "Phase-Separation Kinetics of Mixtures of Linear and Star-Shaped Polymers," Macromolecules 23(20), 4452-4455 (1990).

P. F. Green, T. M. Christensen, S. H. Anastasiadis and T. P. Russell, "Block Copolymers at Surfaces," MRS Symp. 171, 317 (1990).

P. F. Green, T. M. Christensen, T. P. Russell and R. Jerome, "Equilibrium Surface-Composition of Diblock Copolymers," J. Chem. Phys. 92(2), 1478-1482 (1990).

A. Hariharan, S. K. Kumar and T. P. Russell, "A Lattice Model for the Surface Segregation of Polymer-Chains Due to Molecular-Weight Effects," Macromolecules 23(15), 3584-3592 (1990).

J. L. Hedrick, T. P. Russell, J. W. Labadie, J. G. Hilborn and T. D. Palmer, "Imide-Aryl Ether Benzoxazole Random Copolymers," Polymer 31(12), 2384-2392 (1990).

R. A. L. Jones, L. J. Norton, E. J. Kramer, R. J. Composto, R. S. Stein, T. P. Russell, A. Mansour, A. Karim, G. P. Felcher, M. H. Rafailovich, J. Sokolov, X. Zhao and S. A. Schwarz, "The Form of the Enriched Surface-Layer in Polymer Blends," Europhys. Lett. 12(1), 41-46 (1990).

A. Karim, A. Mansour, G. P. Felcher and T. P. Russell, "On the Scale of Diffusion Lengths Observable by Neutron Reflection: Application to Polymers," Mats. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 171, 329-334 (1990).

A. Karim, A. Mansour, G. P. Felcher and T. P. Russell, "Short-Time Relaxation at Polymeric Interfaces," Phys. Rev. B 42(10), 6846-6849 (1990).

J. T. Koberstein, T. P. Russell, D. J. Walsh and L. Pottick, "Microphase Separation Transition of a Triblock Copolymer," Macromolecules 23(3), 877-881 (1990).

T. P. Russell, "Methods for Characterizing Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces," Chimica 44, 312-315 (1990).

T. P. Russell, "X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity for the Investigation of Polymers," Materials Science Report 5, 171 (1990).

T. P. Russell, L. J. Fetters, J. C. Clark, B. J. Bauer and C. C. Han, "Concentration Fluctuations in Mixtures of Linear and Star-Shaped Polymers," Macromolecules 23(2), 654-659 (1990).

T. P. Russell, R. P. Hjelm and P. A. Seeger, "Temperature-Dependence of the Interaction Parameter of Polystyrene and Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)," Macromolecules 23(3), 890-893 (1990).

S. K. Satija, C. F. Majkrzak, T. P. Russell, S. K. Sinha, E. B. Sirota and G. J. Hughes, "Neutron Reflectivity Study of Block Copolymers Adsorbed from Solution," Macromolecules 23(16), 3860-3864 (1990).

S. F. Tead, E. J. Kramer, T. P. Russell and W. Volksen, "Ion-Beam Analysis of the Imidization Kinetics of Polyamic Ethyl-Ester," Polymer 31(3), 520-523 (1990).

C. Viney, R. J. Twieg and T. P. Russell, "Liquid-Crystalline Phases Formed by Iodine Derivatives of Semifluorinated Alkanes," Mol. Crys. Liq. Crys. 182, 291-297 (1990).

V. S. Wakharkar, V. R. Deline and T. P. Russell, "Depth Profiles of Mixtures of Homopolymers with Symmetric Diblock Copolymers," SIMS VII(363) (1990).

V. S. Wakharkar, V. R. Deline and T. P. Russell, "Interfacial Segregation Effects in Mixtures of Homopolymers with Copolymers," Mats. Res. Soc. Symp. Ser. 171, 343 (1990).

B. J. Factor, T. P. Russell and M. F. Toney, "Surface-Induced Ordering of an Aromatic Polyimide," Phys. Rev. Lett. 66(9), 1181-1184 (1991).

G. P. Felcher, A. Karim and T. P. Russell, "Interdiffusion at the Bilayer Polymer Interface: Evidence for Repatation," J. NonCryst. Sol. 131-133, 703 (1991).

G. P. Flecher and T. P. Russell, "Proceedings of the Workshop on Methods of Analysis and Interpretation of Neutron Reflectivity Data - Argonne, Illinois, 23-25 August 1990 - Foreword," Physica B 173(1-2), R7-R8 (1991).

P. F. Green, T. M. Christensen and T. P. Russell, "Ordering at Diblock Copolymer Surfaces," Macromolecules 24, 252 (1991).

P. F. Green and T. P. Russell, "Segregation of Low Molecular Weight Symmetrical Diblock Copolymers at the Interface of High Molecular Weight Homopolymers," Macromolecules 24(10), 2931-2935 (1991).

A. Hariharan, S. K. Kumar and T. P. Russell, "Surface Segregation in Binary Polymer Mixtures: A Lattice Model," Macromolecules 24(17), 4909-4917 (1991).

J. L. Hedrick, J. W. Labadie and T. P. Russell, "Imide-Aryl Ether Phenylquinoxaline Block Copolymers," Macromolecules 24, 4559 (1991).

J. L. Hedrick, J. W. Labadie, T. P. Russell and T. Palmer, "Imide Aryl Ether Phenylquinoxaline Random Copolymers," Polymer 32(5), 950-958 (1991).

W. Jark, T. P. Russell, G. Comelli, J. Stohr, C. Erdelen, H. Ringsdorf and J. Schneider, "Soft X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Polymeric Langmuir-Blodgett Films," Thin Solid Films 199(1), 161-172 (1991).

A. Karim, B. H. Arendt, G. P. Felcher and T. P. Russell, "Preparation and Characterization of Thin Polymer Bilayer Films by Neutron Reflection," Thin Solid Films 202, 345 (1991).

S. K. Kumar and T. P. Russell, "Behavior of Isotopic, Binary Polymer Blends in the Vicinity of Neutral Surfaces: The Effects of Chain-Length Disparity," Macromolecules 24(13), 3816-3820 (1991).

R. D. Miller, G. M. Wallraff, M. Baier, P. M. Cotts, P. Shukla, F. C. DeSscryver, D. Declerq and T. P. Russell, "The Solution and Solid State Thermochromism of Unsymmetrically Substituted Polysilanes," J. Inorg. Organomet. Poly. 1, 505 (1991).

T. P. Russell, "Small Angle Scattering at Synchrotron Radiation Sources," Handbook of Synchrotron Radiation. G. Brown and D. E. Moncton, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Company, 3, 379 (1991).

T. P. Russell, "The Characterization of Polymer Interfaces," Ann. Rev. Mat. Sci. 21, 249 (1991).

T. P. Russell, S. H. Anastasiadis, A. Menelle, G. P. Felcher and S. K. Satija, "Segment Density Distribution of Symmetrical Diblock Copolymers at the Interface between Two Homopolymers as Revealed by Neutron Reflectivity," Macromolecules 24(7), 1575-1582 (1991).

T. P. Russell, A. Menelle, S. H. Anastasiadis, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "Unconventional Morphologies of Symmetrical, Diblock Copolymers Due to Film Thickness Constraints," Macromolecules 24(23), 6263-6269 (1991).

T. P. Russell, A. Menelle, W. A. Hamilton, G. S. Smith, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "Width of Homopolymer Interfaces in the Presence of Symmetrical Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 24(20), 5721-5726 (1991).

A. J. Ryan, W. R. Willkomm, T. B. Bergstrom, C. W. Macosko, J. T. Koberstein, C. C. Yu and T. P. Russell, "Dynamics of (Micro)Phase Separation During Fast, Bulk Copolymerization: Some Synchrotron SAXS Experiments," Macromolecules 24(10), 2883-2889 (1991).

P. Shukla, P. M. Cotts, R. D. Miller, T. P. Russell, B. A. Smith, G. M. Wallraff, M. Baier and P. Thiyagarajan, "Conformational Transition Studies of Organosilane Polymers by Light and Neutron Scattering," Macromolecules 24(20), 5606-5613 (1991).

X. Zhao, W. Zhao, M. H. Rafailovich, J. Sokolov, T. P. Russell, S. K. Kumar, S. A. Schwarz and B. J. Wilkens, "Conformation of Grafted Polystyrene Chains in a Melt," Europhys. Lett. 15(7), 725-730 (1991).

P. F. Green and T. P. Russell, "Adsorption of Copolymer Chains from a Melt onto a Flat Surface," Macromolecules 25(2), 783-787 (1992).

J. W. Labadie, J. L. Hedrick, V. Wakharkar, D. C. Hofer and T. P. Russell, "Nanopore Foams of High-Temperature Polymers," IEEE Trans. Comp. Hybrids Manu. 15(6), 925-930 (1992).

C. F. Majkrzak, N. F. Berk, J. F. Ankner, S. K. Satija and T. P. Russell, "Determination of Non-Magnetic Density Profiles Using Polarized Neutron Reflectivity," SPIE International Society of Optical Engineering 173B, 282 (1992).

A. M. Mayes, T. P. Russell, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "Homopolymer Distributions in Ordered Block Copolymers," Macromolecules 25(24), 6523-6531 (1992).

A. Menelle, T. P. Russell, S. H. Anastasiadis, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "Ordering of Thin Diblock Copolymer Films," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68(1), 67-70 (1992).

T. P. Russell, "Neutron Reflection," Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization, Greenwich, CT, Manning Publication Company, 660 (1992).

T. P. Russell, A. M. Mayes, V. R. Deline and T. C. Chung, "Hairpin Configurations of Triblock Copolymers at Homopolymer Interfaces," Macromolecules 25(21), 5783-5789 (1992).

T. P. Russell, A. Menelle, S. H. Anastasiadis, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "Thin-Film Order of Symmetrical Diblock Copolymers," Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp. 62, 157-165 (1992).

S. A. Schwartz, B. J. Wilkens, M. A. A. Pudensi, M. H. Rafailovich, J. Sokolov, X. Zhao, W. Zhao, R. A. L. Jones, E. J. Kramer and T. P. Russell, "Studies of Surface and Interface Segregation in Polymer Blends by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy," Molecular Physics 76, 937 (1992).

S. F. Tead, E. J. Kramer, T. P. Russell and W. Volksen, "Interdiffusion at Polyimide Interfaces," Polymer 33(16), 3382-3387 (1992).

X. Zhao, W. Zhao, X. Zheng, M. H. Rafailovich, J. Sokolov, S. A. Schwarz, M. A. A. Pudensi, T. P. Russell, S. K. Kumar and L. J. Fetters, "Configuration of Grafted Polystyrene Chains in the Melt - Temperature and Concentration-Dependence," Phys. Rev. Lett. 69(5), 776-779 (1992).

S. H. Anastasiadis, A. Menelle, S. K. Satija and T. P. Russell, "Very Thin Films of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers," Prog. Coll. and Polym. Sci. 91, 88 (1993).

P. Bassereau, D. Brodbreck, T. P. Russell, H. R. Brown and K. R. Shull, "Topological Coarsening of Symmetrical Diblock Copolymer Films: Model 2d Systems," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(11), 1716-1719 (1993).

Z. H. Cai, K. G. Huang, P. A. Montano, T. P. Russell, J. M. Bai and G. W. Zajac, "Experimental Study of the Surface Structure of Diblock Copolymer Films Using Microscopy and X-Ray Scattering," J. Chem. Phys. 98(3), 2376-2386 (1993).

B. J. Factor, T. P. Russell and M. F. Toney, "Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering Studies of Thin Films of an Aromatic Polyimide," Macromolecules 26(11), 2847-2859 (1993).

A. Hariharan, S. K. Kumar, M. H. Rafailovich, J. Sokolov, X. Zheng, D. Duong, S. A. Schwarz and T. P. Russell, "The Effect of Finite Sample Size on the Surface Segregation in Binary Polymer Mixtures," J. Chem. Phys. 98, 656-663 (1993).

A. Hariharan, S. K. Kumar and T. P. Russell, "Free Surfaces of Polymer Blends. 1. Theoretical Framework and Application to Symmetrical Polymer Blends," J. Chem. Phys. 98(8), 6516-6525 (1993).

A. Hariharan, S. K. Kumar and T. P. Russell, "Free Surfaces of Polymer Blends .2. Effects of Molecular Weight and Applications to Asymmetric Polymer Blends," J. Chem. Phys. 99(5), 4041-4050 (1993).

A. Hariharan, S. K. Kumar and T. P. Russell, "Reversal of the Isotopic Effect in the Surface Behavior of Binary Polymer Blends," J. Chem. Phys. 98(5), 4163-4173 (1993).

J. L. Hedrick, J. Labadie, D. C. Hofer, V. S. Wakharkar and T. P. Russell, "High Temperature Polymer Foams," Polymer 34, 4717 (1993).

J. L. Hedrick, J. Labadie, V. S. Wakharker, D. C. Hofer and T. P. Russell, "New Synthetic Copolymers for Low Dielectric High Temperature Polymer Nanofoams," Polyimides IV (1993).

J. L. Hedrick, J. W. Labadie, V. S. Wakharker and T. P. Russell, "Structural Modification of Segmented Poly(Hydroxyl Ether Siloxane) Copolymers," Polymer 34, 22 (1993).

J. Kim, I. Chin, B. A. Smith, T. P. Russell and J. W. Mays, "On the Birefringence of Multilayered Symmetrical Diblock Copolymer Films," Macromolecules 26(20), 5436-5440 (1993).

A. M. Mayes, R. D. Johnson, T. P. Russell, S. D. Smith, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "Distributions of Chain Ends and Junction Points in Ordered Block Copolymers," Macromolecules 26(5), 1047-1052 (1993).

A. M. Mayes and T. P. Russell, "Neutron Reflectivity Studies of Ordered Copolymer Films," Journal De Physique IV 3(C8), 41-47 (1993).

T. Pan, K. L. Huang, A. C. Balazs, M. S. Kunz, A. M. Mayes and T. P. Russell, "Macrophase Vs Microphase Separation in Copolymer Homopolymer Mixtures," Macromolecules 26(11), 2860-2865 (1993).

T. P. Russell, D. S. Lee, T. Nishi and S. C. Kim, "Small Angle X-Ray Scattering and Pulsed NMR Studies of Polyurethane Interpenetrating Polymer Networks," Macromolecules 26, 1922-1929 (1993).

T. P. Russell, "Changes in Polystyrene and Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Interactions with Isotopic Substitution," Macromolecules 26(21), 5819-5819 (1993).

T. P. Russell, V. R. Deline, W. D. Dozier, G. P. Felcher, G. Agrawal, R. P. Wool and J. W. Mays, "Direct Observation of Reptation at Polymer Interfaces," Nature 365(6443), 235-237 (1993).

T. P. Russell, A. M. Mayes and P. Bassereau, "Thin Films of Diblock Copolymers: Windows into Bulk and Reduced Dimensional Phenomena," Physica A 200(1-4), 713-721 (1993).

T. P. Russell, A. Menelle, S. H. Anastasiadis, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "The Ordering of Thin Films of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers," Prog. Coll. and Polym. Sci. 91, 97-100 (1993).

T. P. Russell, A. Menelle, S. H. Anastasiadis, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "Fluctuation Effects in the Ordering of Thin Diblock Copolymer Films - Reply," Phys. Rev. Lett. 70(9), 1352-1352 (1993).

K. R. Shull, A. M. Mayes and T. P. Russell, "Segment Distributions in Lamellar Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 26, 3929 (1993).

N. C. Stoffel, E. J. Kramer, W. Volksen and T. P. Russell, "Solvent and Isomer Effects on the Imidization of Pyromellitic Dianhydride-Oxydianiline Based Poly(Amic Ethyl Ester)s," Polymer 34, 4524 (1993).

W. Zhao, X. Zhao, M. H. Rafailovich, J. Sokolov, R. J. Composto, S. D. Smith, M. Satkowski, T. P. Russell, W. D. Dozier and T. Mansfield, "Segregation of Chain Ends to Polymer Melt Surfaces and Interfaces," Macromolecules 26(3), 561-562 (1993).

G. Agrawal, R. P. Wool, W. D. Dozier, G. P. Felcher, T. P. Russell and J. W. Mays, "Short-Time Interdiffusion at Polymer Interfaces," Macromolecules 27(15), 4407-4409 (1994).

Z. H. Cai, B. Lai, W. B. Yun, I. McNulty, K. G. Huang and T. P. Russell, "Observation of X-Ray Speckle by Coherent Scattering at Grazing Incidence," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73(1), 82-85 (1994).

Y. Charlier, J. L. Hedrick and T. P. Russell, "High Temperature Polyimide Nanofoams," MRS Symp. 323, 277 (1994).

B. J. Factor, T. P. Russell and M. F. Toney, "Near-Surface Structure of Aromatic Polyimides: The Effect of Precursor Isomers," Faraday Discussions(98), 319-327 (1994).

G. P. Felcher, R. J. Goyette, S. Anastasiadis, T. P. Russell, M. Foster and F. Bates, "Topology of Forward Scattering of Neutrons from Imperfect Multilayers," Phys. Rev. B 50(13), 9565-9568 (1994).

B. Hammouda, B. J. Bauer and T. P. Russell, "Small-Angle Neutron Scattering from Deuterated Polystyrene Poly(Butyl Methacrylate) Homopolymer Blend Mixtures," Macromolecules 27(8), 2357-2359 (1994).

J. L. Hedrick, J. G. Hilborn, R. B. Prime, J. W. Labadie, D. J. Dawson, T. P. Russell and V. Wakharker, "Thermoplastic Toughened Styrenic Thermosets: Synthesis, Properties and Consequences of Radical Based Cure Chemistry," Polymer 35(2), 291-299 (1994).

A. M. Jonas, T. P. Russell and D. Y. Yoon, "Time-Resolved SAXS Studies of Morphological Changes in Cold Crystallized Poly(Ethylene-Terephthalate) During Annealing and Heating," Coll. Poly. Sci. 272(11), 1344-1351 (1994).

A. Karim, G. P. Felcher and T. P. Russell, "The Interdiffusion of Polymers at Short Times," Macromolecules 27(23), 6973-6979 (1994).

M. W. Kim, T. P. Russell, T. Moses, W. Chen and Y. R. Shen, "Diblock Copolymer Adsorption onto a Solid Surface as Revealed by Evanescent Wave Ellipsometry," Macromolecules 27(25), 7490-7491 (1994).

J. Klein, T. Cosgrove, D. Edwards, J. S. Higgins, E. J. Kramer, R. A. L. Jones, T. P. Russell, T. McLeish, F. S. Bates, K. Binder, I. W. Hamley, R. W. Richards, B. J. Factor, A. J. Ryan, H. E. James, D. Bucknall, G. Krausch, M. Tirrell, H. R. Brown, K. R. Shull, A. Donald, J. Yarwood, I. Leger and S. R. Gibbon, "Entangled Dynamics of Healing End-Grafted Chains at a Solid/Polymer Interface - Discussion," Faraday Discussions(98), 79-96 (1994).

S. K. Kumar, T. P. Russell and A. Hariharan, "Monte-Carlo Simulations of the Free Surface of Polymer Melts," Chem. Eng. Sci. 49(17), 2899-2906 (1994).

P. Lambooy, T. P. Russell, G. J. Kellogg, A. M. Mayes, P. D. Gallagher and S. K. Satija, "Observed Frustration in Confined Block Copolymers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 72(18), 2899-2902 (1994).

P. Lambooy, J. R. Salem and T. P. Russell, "A Method to Confine Thin Solid Organic Films between Flat Rigid Walls," Thin Solid Films 252(2), 75-77 (1994).

A. M. Mayes, T. P. Russell, V. R. Deline, S. K. Satija and C. F. Majkrzak, "Block Copolymer Mixtures as Revealed by Neutron Reflectivity," Macromolecules 27(25), 7447-7453 (1994).

A. M. Mayes, T. P. Russell, P. Bassereau, S. M. Baker and G. S. Smith, "Evolution of Order in Thin Block Copolymer Films," Macromolecules 27(3), 749-755 (1994).

A. M. Mayes, J. G. Barker and T. P. Russell, "Swelling Effects in Semidilute Block Copolymer Solutions," J. Chem. Phys. 101(6), 5213-5218 (1994).

T. P. Russell, A. M. Mayes and M. S. Kunz, "Evolution of Ordering in Thin Films of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers," Ordering in Macromolecular Systems. A. Teramoto, M. Kobayashi and T. Norisuyi, Berlin, Springer-Verlag Publishing (1994).

T. P. Russell and I. Chin, "On the Microphase Separation Kinetics of Symmetrical Diblock Copolymers," Coll. Poly. Sci. 272(11), 1373-1379 (1994).

T. P. Russell, T. E. Karis, Y. Gallot and A. M. Mayes, "A Lower Critical Ordering Transition in a Diblock Copolymer Melt," Nature 368(6473), 729-731 (1994).

M. Srinivasarao, R. S. Stein, T. P. Russell and J. M. Guerra, "Photon Tunneling Microscopy of Polyethylene Single Crystals," Polymer 35(6), 1137-1141 (1994).

C. Stuart, M. W. Kim, R. H. Ottewill, R. W. Richards, D. J. Morantz, R. C. Advincula, R. A. L. Jones, D. C. Clark, T. P. Russell, H. J. M. Hanley, R. B. Lennox, B. J. Factor, K. R. Shull, A. J. Ryan, A. Halperin, K. Binder, A. Donald, H. G. Zachmann, E. J. Kramer, M. Sano and M. Y. Lin, "Polymers at Surfaces and Interfaces - Discussion," Faraday Discussions(98), 329-342 (1994).

D. G. Walton, G. J. Kellogg, A. M. Mayes, P. Lambooy and T. P. Russell, "A Free-Energy Model for Confined Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 27(21), 6225-6228 (1994).

H. Zhang, P. D. Gallagher, S. K. Satija and T. P. Russell, "Grazing Incidence Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis and Resonance Enhanced Waves in Thin Films," Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3044 (1994).

P. Bassereau, D. Brodbeck, T. P. Russell, H. R. Brown and K. R. Shull, "Two-Dimensional Ostwald Ripening in Symmetrical Diblock Copolymer Films - Reply," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74(24), 4961-4961 (1995).

P. Bassereau and T. P. Russell, "Thermal Expansion of Thin Diblock Copolymer Films," Isreal J. Chem. 35(1), 13-19 (1995).

Y. Charlier, J. L. Hedrick, A. Jonas, W. Volksen and T. P. Russell, "High Temperature Polymer Nanofoams Based on Amorphous, High Tg Polyimides," Polymer 36(5), 987-1002 (1995).

Y. Charlier, J. L. Hedrick and T. P. Russell, "Polyimide Foams Prepared from Homopolymer/Copolymer Mixtures," Polymer 36(23), 4529-4534 (1995).

Y. Charlier, J. L. Hedrick, T. P. Russell, S. Swanson, M. Sanchez and R. Jerome, "Cross-Linked Polyimide Foams Derived from Pyromellitic Dianhydride and 1,1-Bis(4-Aminophenyl)-1-Phenyl-2,2,3-Trifluoroethane with Poly(Alpha-Methylstyrene)," Polymer 36(6), 1315-1320 (1995).

B. J. Factor, T. P. Russell, M. F. Toney and R. D. Miller, "Surface Orientation of Liquid-Crystalline Poly(Alkylsilanes)," Acta Polym. 46(1), 60-63 (1995).

J. L. Hedrick, T. P. Russell, C. Hawker, M. Sanchez, K. Carter, R. A. DiPietro and R. Jerome, "Polyimide Nanofoams Prepared from Styrenic Block Copolymers," Microelectronics Technology, 614, 425-438 (1995).

J. L. Hedrick, T. P. Russell, J. Labadie, M. Lucas and S. Swanson, "High-Temperature Nanofoams Derived from Rigid and Semirigid Polyimides," Polymer 36(14), 2685-2697 (1995).

A. M. Jonas, T. P. Russell and D. Y. Yoon, "Synchrotron X-Ray-Scattering Studies of Crystallization of Poly(Etheretherketone) from the Glass and Structural-Changes During Subsequent Heating-Cooling Processes," Macromolecules 28(25), 8491-8503 (1995).

T. E. Karis, T. P. Russell, Y. Gallot and A. M. Mayes, "Rheology of the Lower Critical Ordering Transition," Macromolecules 28(4), 1129-1134 (1995).

H. Lin, A. Steyerl, S. K. Satija, A. Karim and T. P. Russell, "Solvent Penetration into Ordered Thin Films of Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 28(5), 1470-1474 (1995).

P. Mansky and T. P. Russell, "Free-Surface Confinement of Diblock Copolymer Multilayers," Macromolecules 28(24), 8092-8095 (1995).

D. R. McKean, T. P. Russell and A. F. Renaldo, "Thick Film Photoresist Resolution Enhancement with Surfactant Surface Treatment," SPIE 2438, 673-684 (1995).

D. R. McKean, T. P. Russell, W. D. Hinsberg, D. Hofer, A. F. Renaldo and C. G. Willson, "Thick Film Positive Photoresist: Development and Resolution Enhancement Technique," J Vac. Sci. Technol. B 13(6), 3000-3006 (1995).

T. P. Russell, P. Lambooy, J. G. Barker, P. Gallagher, S. K. Satija, G. J. Kellogg and A. M. Mayes, "Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies on Ultrathin Films," Macromolecules 28(3), 787-789 (1995).

T. P. Russell, P. Lambooy, G. J. Kellogg and A. M. Mayes, "Diblock Copolymers under Confinement," Physica B 213, 22-25 (1995).

M. I. Sanchez, J. L. Hedrick and T. P. Russell, "Nanofoam Porosity by Infrared Spectroscopy," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 33(2), 253-257 (1995).

M. F. Toney, J. A. Logan, H. Kikuchi, J. M. Sands, S. K. Kumar and T. P. Russell, "Near Surface Alignment of Polymers in Rubbed Films," Nature 374(6524), 709-711 (1995).

G. Agrawal, R. P. Wool, W. D. Dozier, G. P. Felcher, J. Zhou, S. Pispas, J. W. Mays and T. P. Russell, "Interdiffusion of Polymers across Interfaces," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 34(17), 2919-2940 (1996).

H. R. Brown and T. P. Russell, "Entanglements at Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces," Macromolecules 29(2), 798-800 (1996).

B. Frank, A. P. Gast, T. P. Russell, H. R. Brown and C. Hawker, "Polymer Mobility in Thin Films," Macromolecules 29(20), 6531-6534 (1996).

C. J. Hawker, E. Elce, J. L. Dao, W. Volksen, T. P. Russell and G. G. Barclay, "Well-Defined Random Copolymers by a ''Living'' Free-Radical Polymerization Process," Macromolecules 29(7), 2686-2688 (1996).

J. L. Hedrick, K. R. Carter, H. J. Cha, C. J. Hawker, R. A. DiPietro, J. W. Labadie, R. D. Miller, T. P. Russell, M. I. Sanchez, W. Volksen, D. Y. Yoon, D. Mercerreyes, R. Jerome and J. E. McGrath, "High-Temperature Polyimide Nanofoams for Microelectronic Applications," Reactive & Functional Polymers 30(1-3), 43-53 (1996).

J. L. Hedrick, T. P. Russell, J. C. Hedrick and J. G. Hilborn, "Microporous Polycyanurate Networks," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. A-Poly. Chem. 34(14), 2879-2888 (1996).

J. L. Hedrick, T. P. Russell, M. Sanchez, R. DiPietro, S. Swanson, D. Mecerreyes and R. Jerome, "Polyimide Nanofoams from Caprolactone-Based Copolymers," Macromolecules 29(10), 3642-3646 (1996).

G. J. Kellogg, D. G. Walton, A. M. Mayes, P. Lambooy, T. P. Russell, P. D. Gallagher and S. K. Satija, "Observed Surface Energy Effects in Confined Diblock Copolymers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(14), 2503-2506 (1996).

R. Kulasekere, H. Kaiser, J. F. Ankner, T. P. Russell, H. R. Brown, C. J. Hawker and A. M. Mayes, "Homopolymer Interfaces Reinforced with Random Copolymers," Macromolecules 29(16), 5493-5496 (1996).

R. Kulasekere, H. Kaiser, J. F. Ankner, T. P. Russell, H. R. Brown, C. J. Hawker and A. M. Mayes, "Neutron Reflectivity Measurements of Homopolymer Interfaces Reinforced with Random Copolymers," Physica B 221(1-4), 306-308 (1996).

T. L. Morkved, M. Lu, A. M. Urbas, E. E. Ehrichs, H. M. Jaeger, P. Mansky and T. P. Russell, "Local Control of Microdomain Orientation in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films with Electric Fields," Science 273(5277), 931-933 (1996).

T. P. Russell, "Copolymers at Surfaces and Interfaces," Curr. Opin. Coll. Surface Sci. 1(1), 107-115 (1996).

T. P. Russell, "Characterizing Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces," MRS Bull. 21, 49 (1996).

T. P. Russell, "Opportunities in Polymer Research Using Synchrotron Radiation," Synchrotron Radiation News 9, 10 (1996).

T. P. Russell, "Relationship between Network Structure and the Electro-Optical Properties of Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Textures," Euro Display '96, 573 (1996).

T. P. Russell, "On the Reflectivity of Polymers: Neutrons and X-Rays," Physica B 221(1-4), 267-283 (1996).

M. Samant, J. Stohr, H. R. Brown, J. M. Sands, S. K. Kumar and T. P. Russell, "NEXAFS Studies on the Surface Orientation of Buffed Polyimides," Macromolecules 29(26), 8334-8342 (1996).

S. K. Sinha, Y. P. Feng, C. A. Melendres, T. P. Russell, D. D. Lee, S. K. Satija, E. B. Sirota and M. K. Sanyal, "Off-Specular X-Ray Scattering Studies of the Morphology of Thin Films," Physica A 231, 99-110 (1996).

G. D. Smith, R. Kuesekere, J. F. Ankner and T. P. Russell, "A Monte Carlo Stimulation of Asymmetric Random Copolymers at an Immiscible Interface," Macromolecules 29(11), 4120-4124 (1996).

N. C. Stoffel, C. A. Dai, E. J. Kramer, T. P. Russell, V. Deline, W. Volksen, W. L. Wu and S. Satija, "High-Resolution Profiling of the Polyimide-Polyimide Interface," Macromolecules 29(21), 6880-6891 (1996).

N. Zumbulyadis, T. P. Russell and M. R. Landry, "Interphase Mixing in Symmetric Diblock Copolymers Determined by Proton-Deuterium CP/MAS NMR," Macromolecules 29(6), 2201-2204 (1996).

K. R. Carter, R. A. DiPietro, M. I. Sanchez and T. P. Russell, "Polyimide Nanofoams Based on Ordered Polyimides Derived from Poly(Amic Alkyl Esters): PMDA/4-BDAF," Chem. Mater. 9(1), 105-118 (1997).

A. Cossy-Favre, J. Diaz, S. Anders, H. Padmore, Y. Liu, M. Samant, J. Stohr, H. R. Brown and T. P. Russell, "Photoelectron Emission Microscopy and Its Application to the Study of Polymer Surfaces," Acta Phys. Poly. A 91(5), 923-927 (1997).

J. S. Fodor, R. M. Briber, T. P. Russell, K. R. Carter, J. L. Hedrick and R. D. Miller, "Transmission Electron Microscopy of 3F/PMDA-Polypropylene Oxide Triblock Copolymer Based Nanofoams," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 35(7), 1067-1076 (1997).

Y. Liu, T. P. Russell, M. G. Samant, J. Stohr, H. R. Brown, A. Cossy-Favre and J. Diaz, "Surface Relaxations in Polymers," Macromolecules 30(25), 7768-7771 (1997).

P. Mansky, Y. Liu, E. Huang, T. P. Russell and C. Hawker, "Controlling Polymer-Surface Interactions with Random Copolymer Brushes," Science 275(5305), 1458-1460 (1997).

P. Mansky, T. P. Russell, C. J. Hawker, J. Mays, D. C. Cook and S. K. Satija, "Interfacial Segregation in Disordered Block Copolymers: Effect of Tunable Surface Potentials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 79(2), 237-240 (1997).

P. Mansky, T. P. Russell, C. J. Hawker, M. Pitsikalis and J. Mays, "Ordered Diblock Copolymer Films on Random Copolymer Brushes," Macromolecules 30(22), 6810-6813 (1997).

T. P. Russell, T. M. Allen and Y. M. Gupta, "Time Resolved Optical Spectroscopy to Examine Chemical Decomposition of Energetic Materials under Static High Pressure and Pulsed Heating Conditions," Chem. Phys. Lett. 267(3-4), 351-358 (1997).

T. P. Russell and S. K. Kumar, "The One That Got Away," Nature 386(6627), 771-772 (1997).

N. C. Stoffel, S. Chandra, E. J. Kramer, W. Volksen and T. P. Russell, "Forward Recoil Spectrometry Study of the Diffusion of PMDA/ODA-Based Poly(Amic Ethyl Esters)," Polymer 38(20), 5073-5078 (1997).

C. A. Thompson, J. K. Rice, T. P. Russell, J. M. Seminario and P. Politzer, "Vibrational Analysis of 1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine Using Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations," J. Phys. Chem. 101(42), 7742-7748 (1997).

W. Volksen, J. L. Hedrick and T. P. Russell, "Imide-Dimethylsiloxane Block Copolymers: Design and Synthesis of a Permanent Buried Oxygen Etch Barrier," J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 66, 199-208 (1997).

A. Cossy-Favre, J. Diaz, Y. Liu, H. R. Brown, M. G. Samant, J. Stoehr, A. J. Hanna, S. Anders and T. P. Russell, "X-PEEM Study on Surface Orientation of Stylized and Rubbed Polyimides," Macromolecules 31(15), 4957-4962 (1998).

J. L. Hedrick, K. R. Carter, R. Richter, R. D. Miller, T. P. Russell, V. Flores, D. Meccereyes, P. Dubois and R. Jerome, "Polyimide Nanofoams from Aliphatic Polyester-Based Copolymers," Chem. Mater. 10(1), 39-49 (1998).

D. L. Ho, R. M. Briber, R. L. Jones, S. K. Kumar and T. P. Russell, "Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies on Thin Films of Isotopic Polystyrene Blends," Macromolecules 31(26), 9247-9252 (1998).

E. Huang, L. Rockford, T. P. Russell and C. J. Hawker, "Nanodomain Control in Copolymer Thin Films," Nature 395(6704), 757-758 (1998).

E. Huang, T. P. Russell, C. Harrison, P. M. Chaikin, R. A. Register, C. J. Hawker and J. Mays, "Using Surface Active Random Copolymers to Control the Domain Orientation in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films," Macromolecules 31, 7641-7650 (1998).

J. A. Johnson, M. L. Saboungi, D. L. Price, S. Ansell, T. P. Russell, J. W. Halley and B. Nielsen, "Atomic Structure of Solid and Liquid Polyethylene Oxide," J. Chem. Phys. 109(16), 7005-7010 (1998).

A. Karim, T. M. Slawecki, S. K. Kumar, J. F. Douglas, S. K. Satija, C. C. Han, T. P. Russell, Y. Liu, R. Overney, O. Sokolov and M. H. Rafailovich, "Phase-Separation-Induced Surface Patterns in Thin Polymer Blend Films," Macromolecules 31(3), 857-862 (1998).

P. Mansky, J. DeRouchey, T. P. Russell, J. Mays, M. Pitsikalis, T. Morkved and H. Jaeger, "Large-Area Domain Alignment in Block Copolymer Thin Films Using Electric Fields," Macromolecules 31(13), 4399-4401 (1998).

M. Pollard, T. P. Russell, A. V. Ruzette, A. M. Mayes and Y. Gallot, "The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Lower Critical Ordering Transition in Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 31(19), 6493-6498 (1998).

T. P. Russell and E. Sackmann, "Experimental Self Assembly: Overview," Curr. Opin. Coll. Surface Sci. 3(1), 3-4 (1998).

A. V. G. Ruzette, P. Banerjee, A. M. Mayes, M. Pollard, T. P. Russell, R. Jerome, T. Slawecki, R. Hjelm and P. Thiyagarajan, "Phase Behavior of Diblock Copolymers between Styrene and N-Alkyl Methacrylates," Macromolecules 31(24), 8509-8516 (1998).

N. C. Stoffel, E. J. Kramer, W. Volksen and T. P. Russell, "Imidization and Interdiffusion of Poly(Amic Ethyl Ester) Precursors of PMDA/3,4 '-ODA," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 36(13), 2247-2258 (1998).

Y. Akpalu, L. Kielhorn, B. S. Hsiao, R. S. Stein, T. P. Russell, J. van Egmond and M. Muthukumar, "Structure Development During Crystallization of Homogeneous Copolymers of Ethene and 1-Octene: Time-Resolved Synchrotron X-Ray and SALS Measurements," Macromolecules 32(3), 765-770 (1999).

B. Bernard, H. R. Brown, C. J. Hawker, A. J. Kellock and T. P. Russell, "Adhesion of Polymer Interfaces Reinforced with Random and Diblock Copolymers as a Function of Geometry," Macromolecules 32, 6254-6260 (1999).

J. S. Fodor, R. M. Briber, T. P. Russell, K. R. Carter, J. L. Hedrick, R. D. Miller and A. Wong, "Non-Uniform Composition Profiles in Thin Film Polymeric Nanofoams," Polymer 40, 2547-2553 (1999).

J. L. Hedrick, K. R. Carter, J. W. Labadie, R. D. Miller, W. Volksen, C. J. Hawker, D. Y. Yoon, T. P. Russell, J. E. McGrath and R. M. Briber, "Nanoporous Polyimides," Progress in Polyimide Chemistry Ii, 141, 1-43 (1999).

E. Huang, S. Pruzinsky, T. P. Russell, J. Mays and C. J. Hawker, "Neutrality Conditions for Block Copolymer Systems on Random Copolymer Brush Surfaces," Macromolecules 32(16), 5299-5303 (1999).

M. Husseman, E. E. Malmstrom, M. McNamara, M. Mate, D. Mecerreyes, D. G. Benoit, J. L. Hedrick, P. Mansky, E. Huang, T. P. Russell and C. J. Hawker, "Controlled Synthesis of Polymer Brushes by "Living" Free Radical Polymerization Techniques," Macromolecules 32(5), 1424-1431 (1999).

R. L. Jones, S. K. Kumar, D. L. Ho, R. M. Briber and T. P. Russell, "Chain Conformation in Ultrathin Polymer Films," Nature 400(6740), 146-149 (1999).

P. Mansky, O. K. C. Tsui, T. P. Russell and Y. Gallot, "Phase Coherence and Microphase Separation Transitions in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films," Macromolecules 32(15), 4832-4837 (1999).

J. E. Ritter, J. C. Learned, G. S. Jacome, T. P. Russell and T. J. Lardner, "Fatigue of Silane Bonded Epoxy/Glass Interfaces," Mats. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 563, 291-295 (1999).

L. Rockford, Y. Liu, P. Mansky, T. P. Russell, M. Yoon and S. G. J. Mochrie, "Polymers on Nanoperiodic, Heterogeneous Surfaces," Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(12), 2602-2605 (1999).

T. P. Russell, "Small Angle Neutron Scattering on Polymers," J. Neu. Res. 7, 277-290 (1999).

T. P. Russell and H. C. Kim, "Materials Science: Tack - a Sticky Subject," Science 285(5431), 1219-1220 (1999).

T. P. Russell and J. M. Phillips, "SSSC Forum Delineates Future Role of Materials Research in Us Scientific Policy," MRS Bulletin 24(5), 11-11 (1999).

C. M. Stafford, T. P. Russell and T. J. McCarthy, "Expansion of Polystyrene Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Effects of Molecular Weight, Polydispersity, and Low Molecular Weight Components," Macromolecules 32(22), 7610-7616 (1999).

O. K. C. Tsui, L. Rockford, E. Huang and T. P. Russell, "Manipulating Copolymers with Confinement and Interfacial Interactions," Supramolecular Structures in Confined Geometries. S. Manne and G. Warr, Washington, DC, American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 736, 140-152 (1999).

J. J. Watkins, G. D. Brown, V. S. RamachandraRao, M. A. Pollard and T. P. Russell, "Phase Separation in Polymer Blends and Diblock Copolymers Induced by Compressible Solvents," Macromolecules 32(23), 7737-7740 (1999).

D. Benoit, C. Hawker, E. E. Huang and T. P. Russell, "One-Step Formation of Functionalized Block Copolymers," Macromolecules 33(5), 1505-1507 (2000).

A. K. Boal, F. Ilhan, J. E. Derouchey, T. Thurn-Albrecht, T. P. Russell and V. M. Rotello, "Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles into Structured Spherical and Network Aggregates," Nature 404(6779), 746-748 (2000).

C. Harrison, P. M. Chaikin, D. A. Huse, R. A. Register, D. H. Adamson, A. Daniel, E. Huang, P. Mansky, T. P. Russell, C. J. Hawker, D. A. Egolf, I. V. Melnikov and E. Bodenschatz, "Reducing Substrate Pinning of Block Copolymer Microdomains with a Buffer Layer of Polymer Brushes," Macromolecules 33(3), 857-865 (2000).

M. Hong, S. B. Kennedy, E. deAzevedo, T. P. Russell and D. A. Tirrell, "Dynamic Conformation of a Triblock Protein Hydrogel by Solid-State NMR," Biophys. J. 78(1), 49 (2000).

E. Huang, P. Mansky, T. P. Russell, C. Harrison, P. M. Chaikin, R. A. Register, C. J. Hawker and J. Mays, "Mixed Lamellar Films: Evolution, Commensurability Effects, and Preferential Defect Formation," Macromolecules 33(1), 80-88 (2000).

M. Pollard, O. K. C. Tsui, T. P. Russell, A. V. Ruzette, A. M. Mayes and Y. Gallot, "Some Thermodynamic Considerations of the Lower Disorder-to-Order Transition of Diblock Copolymers," Scattering from Polymers, 739, 261-269 (2000).

T. P. Russell, T. Thurn-Albrecht, M. Tuominen, E. Huang and C. J. Hawker, "Block Copolymers as Nanoscopic Templates," Macromol. Symp. 159, 77-88 (2000).

E. Schäffer, T. Thurn-Albrecht, T. P. Russell and U. Steiner, "Electrically Induced Structure Formation and Pattern Transfer," Nature 403, 874-877 (2000).

T. Thurn-Albrecht, J. DeRouchey, T. P. Russell and H. M. Jaeger, "Overcoming Interfacial Interactions with Electric Fields," Macromolecules 33(9), 3250-3253 (2000).

T. Thurn-Albrecht, J. Schotter, G. A. Kästle, N. Emley, T. Shibauchi, L. Krusin-Elbaum, K. Guarini, C. T. Black, M. T. Tuominen and T. P. Russell, "Ultrahigh Density Nanowire Arrays Grown in Self-Assembled Diblock Copolymer Templates," Science 290(5499), 2126-2129 (2000).

T. Thurn-Albrecht, R. Steiner, J. DeRouchey, C. Stafford, E. Huang, M. Bal, M. Tuominen, C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "Nanoscopic Templates from Oriented Block Copolymer Films," Adv. Mat. 12(15), 787 (2000).

J. J. Watkins, G. D. Brown, M. A. Pollard, V. S. Ramachandrarao and T. P. Russell, "Phase Transitions in Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers Induced by Selective Dilation with Supercritical CO2," Supercritical Fluids. E. K. e. al., Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 277-289 (2000).

B. Ashok, M. Muthukumar and T. P. Russell, "Confined Thin Film Diblock Copolymer in the Presence of an Electric Field," J. Chem. Phys. 115(3), 1559-1564 (2001).

C. T. Black, K. W. Guarini, K. R. Milkove, S. M. Baker, T. P. Russell and M. T. Tuominen, "Integration of Self-Assembled Diblock Copolymers for Semiconductor Capacitor Fabrication," Appl. Phys. Let. 79(3), 409-411 (2001).

I.-J. Chin, T. Thurn-Albrecht, H.-C. Kim, T. P. Russell and J. Wang, "On Exfoliation of Montmorillonite in Epoxy," Polymer 42(13), 5947-5952 (2001).

C. L. H. Devlin, S. D. Glab, S. Chaing and T. P. Russell, "Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Rubbed Polyimide Films," J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 80(9), 1470-1477 (2001).

S. Hong, W. J. MacKnight, T. P. Russell and S. P. Gido, "Orientationally Registered Crystals in Thin Film Crystalline/Amorphous Block Copolymers," Macromolecules 34(8), 2398-2399 (2001).

S. Hong, W. J. MacKnight, T. P. Russell and S. P. Gido, "Structural Evolution of Multilayered, Crystalline-Amorphous Diblock Copolymer Thin Films," Macromolecules 34(9), 2876-2883 (2001).

E. Jeoung, T. H. Galow, J. Schotter, M. Bal, A. Ursache, M. T. Tuominen, C. M. Stafford, T. P. Russell and V. M. Rotello, "Fabrication and Characterization of Nanoelectrode Arrays Formed Via Block Copolymer Self-Assembly," Langmuir 17(21), 6396-6398 (2001).

R. L. Jones, S. K. Kumar, D. L. Ho, R. M. Briber and T. P. Russell, "Chain Conformation in Ultrathin Polymer Films Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering," Macromolecules 34(3), 559-567 (2001).

S. B. Kennedy, E. R. deAzevedo, W. A. Petka, T. P. Russell, D. A. Tirrell and M. Hong, "Dynamic Structure of a Protein Hydrogel: A Solid-State NMR Study," Macromolecules 34(25), 8675-8685 (2001).

T. Kerle, Z. Q. Lin, H. C. Kim and T. P. Russell, "Mobility of Polymers at the Air/Polymer Interface," Macromolecules 34(10), 3484-3492 (2001).

H. C. Kim and T. P. Russell, "Contact of Elastic Solids with Rough Surfaces," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 39(16), 1848-1854 (2001).

H. C. Kim and T. P. Russell, "Ordering in Thin Films of Asymmetric Diblock Copolymers," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 39(6), 663-668 (2001).

H.-C. Kim, X. Jia, C. M. Stafford, D. H. Kim, T. J. McCarthy, T. P. Russell and C. J. Hawker, "A Route to Nanoscopic SiO2 Posts Via Block Copolymer Templates," Adv. Mat. 13(11), 795 (2001).

Z. Q. Lin, T. Kerle, S. M. Baker, D. A. Hoagland, E. Schaffer, U. Steiner and T. P. Russell, "Electric Field Induced Instabilities at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces," J. Chem. Phys. 114(5), 2377-2381 (2001).

K. Liu, S. M. Baker, I. K. Schuller, M. Tuominen and T. P. Russell, "Tailoring Exchange Bias with Magnetic Nanostructures," Phys. Rev. B 6305(6), 403 (2001).

V. S. RamachandraRao, R. R. Gupta, T. P. Russell and J. J. Watkins, "Enhancement of Diblock Copolymer Ordering Kinetics by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Annealing," Macromolecules 34(23), 7923-7925 (2001).

J. E. Ritter, J. C. Learned, G. S. Jacome, T. P. Russell and T. J. Lardner, "Fatigue and Durability of Silane-Bonded Epoxy/Glass Interfaces," J. Adhesion 76(4), 335-351 (2001).

L. Rockford, S. G. J. Mochrie and T. P. Russell, "Propagation of Nanopatterned Templated Ordering of Block Copolymers in Thick Films," Macromolecules 34(5), 1487-1492 (2001).

T. P. Russell, "Polymer Dynamics: Chance Encounters," Science 293(5529), 446 (2001).

T. P. Russell, E. Huang and L. Rockford, "Block Copolymer Thin Films," Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology. T. Lodge, Oxford, Elsevier Science, 676-683 (2001).

T. P. Russell and J.L. Hedrick, "Block Copolymers as Precursors to Porous Materials," Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology. T. Lodge, Oxford, Elsevier Science, 692-695 (2001).

T. P. Russell and M. T. Tuominen, "Block Copolymers: Easy Routes to Nanoscopic Structures," BPA News June, 8-9 (2001).

A. V. G. Ruzette, P. Banerjee, A. M. Mayes and T. P. Russell, "A Simple Model for Baroplastic Behavior in Block Copolymer Melts," J. Chem. Phys. 114(18), 8205-8209 (2001).

E. Schäffer, T. Thurn-Albrecht, T. P. Russell and U. Steiner, "Electrohydrodynamic Instabilities in Polymer Films," Europhys. Lett. 53(4), 518-524 (2001).

T. Shibauchi, L. Krusin-Elbaum, L. Gignac, C. T. Black, T. Thurn-Albrecht, T. P. Russell, J. Schotter, G. A. Kastle, N. Emley and M. T. Tuominen, "High Coercivity of Ultra-High-Density Ordered CO Nanorod Arrays," J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 226, 1553-1554 (2001).

C. M. Stafford, A. Y. Fadeev, T. P. Russell and T. J. McCarthy, "Controlled Adsorption of End-Functionalized Polystyrene to Tris(Trimethylsiloxy)Silyl Binary Mixed Monolayers," Langmuir 17(21), 6547-6552 (2001).

O. K. C. Tsui, T. P. Russell and C. J. Hawker, "Effect of Interfacial Interactions on the Glass Transition of Polymer Thin Films," Macromolecules 34, 5535-5539 (2001).

T. Xu, H.-C. Kim, J. DeRouchey, C. Seney, C. Levesque, P. Martin, C. M. Stafford and T. P. Russell, "The Influence of Molecular Weight on Nanoporous Polymer Films," Polymer 42(21), 9091-9095 (2001).

M. Bal, A. Ursache, J. T. Goldbach, T. P. Russell and M. T. Tuominen, "Nanofabrication of Integrated Magnetoelectronic Devices Using Patterned Self-Assembled Coplymer Templates," Appl. Phys. Let. 81(18), 3479-3481 (2002).

J. T. Goldbach, T. P. Russell and J. Penelle, "Synthesis and Thin Film Characterization of Poly(Styrene-Block-Methyl Methacrylate) Containing an Anthracene Dimer Photocleavable Junction Point," Macromolecules 35(11), 4271-4276 (2002).

U. Jeong, H. C. Kim, R. L. Rodriguez, I. Y. Tsai, C. M. Stafford, J. K. Kim, C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "Asymmetric Block Copolymers with Homopolymers: Routes to Multiple Length Scale Nanostructures," Adv. Mat. 14(4), 274-+ (2002).

Z. Q. Lin, T. Kerle, T. P. Russell, E. Schaffer and U. Steiner, "Electric Field Induced Dewetting at Polymer/Polymer Interfaces," Macromolecules 35(16), 6255-6262 (2002).

Z. Q. Lin, T. Kerle, T. P. Russell, E. Schaffer and U. Steiner, "Structure Formation at the Interface of Liquid Liquid Bilayer in Electric Field," Macromolecules 35(10), 3971-3976 (2002).

Z. Q. Lin, D. H. Kim, X. D. Wu, L. Boosahda, D. Stone, L. LaRose and T. P. Russell, "A Rapid Route to Arrays of Nanostructures in Thin Films," Adv. Mat. 14(19), 1373-1376 (2002).

A. J. Lovinger, F. S. Bates, S. Z. D. Cheng, F. A. Khoury, J. T. Koberstein, B. Lotz, T. P. Russell and E. L. Thomas, "H. Douglas Keith - Tribute," Macromolecules 35, 7527-7528 (2002).

M. E. Mackay, Y. Hong, M. Jeong, S. Hong, T. P. Russell, C. J. Hawker, R. Vestberg and J. F. Douglas, "The Influence of Dendrimer Additives on the Dewetting of Thin Polystyrene Films," Langmuir 18(5), 1877-1882 (2002).

M. I. Montero, K. Liu, O. M. Stoll, A. Hoffmann, J. J. Akermann, J. I. Martin, J. L. Vicent, S. M. Baker, T. P. Russell, C. Leighton, J. Nogues and I. K. Schuller, "Nanostructures and the Proximity Effect," J. Phys. D-Appl. Plhys. 35(19), 2398-2402 (2002).

J. R. Pelch, J. E. Ritter, A. J. Lesser, T. P. Russell and T. J. Lardner, "Fatigue Resistance of Silane-Bonded Epoxy/Glass Interfaces Using Neat and Rubber-Toughened Epoxies," J. Mater. Sci. 37(15), 3269-3276 (2002).

J. E. Ritter, G. S. Jacome, J. R. Pelch, T. P. Russell and T. J. Lardner, "Controlling Subcritical Crack Growth at Epoxy/Glass Interfaces," J. Elec. Pkg. 124, 328-333 (2002).

T. P. Russell, "Surface-Responsive Materials," Science 297, 964-967 (2002).

D. Y. Ryu, U. Jeong and J. K. Kim, "Closed-Loop Phase Behavior in Block Copolymers," Nature Mats. 1(2), 114-117 (2002).

D. Y. Ryu, M. Park, S. H. Choi, J. Chang, K. Kwon, T. Chang and J. K. Kim, "Phase Behavior of Polystyrene and Poly(N-Pentyl Methacrylate) Blend," Macromolecules 35, 8676-8680 (2002).

K. Shin, K. A. Leach, J. T. Goldbach, D. H. Kim, J. Y. Jho, M. Tuominen, C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "A Simple Route to Metal Nanodots and Nanoporous Metal Films," Nano Letters 2, 933-936 (2002).

T. Thurn-Albrecht, J. DeRouchey, T. P. Russell and R. Kolb, "Pathways Towards Electric Field Induced Alignment of Block Copolymers," Macromolecules 35(21), 8106-8110 (2002).

A. J. Waddon and T. P. Russell, "Crystalline Structure of a Liquid Crystal Forming Ligated Twin," J. Mater. Sci. 37(2), 389-395 (2002).

S. Granick, S. K. Kumar, E. J. Amis, M. Antonietti, A. C. Balazs, A. K. Chakraborty, G. S. Grest, C. Hawker, P. Janmey, E. J. Kramer, R. Nuzzo, T. P. Russell and C. R. Safinya, "Macromolecules at Surfaces: Research Challenges and Opportunities from Tribology to Biology," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. B-Poly. Phys. 41(22), 2755-2793 (2003).

R. R. Gupta, K. A. Lavery, T. J. Francis, J. R. P. Webster, G. S. Smith, T. P. Russell and J. J. Watkins, "Self-Diffusion of Polystyrene in a CO2-Swollen Polystyrene Matrix: A Real Time Study Using Neutron Reflectivity," Macromolecules 36(2), 346-352 (2003).

U. Jeong, D. Y. Ryu, D. H. Kho, D. H. Lee, J. K. Kim and T. P. Russell, "Phase Behavior of Mixtures of Block Copolymer and Homopolymers in Thin Films and Bulk," Macromolecules 36(10), 3626-3634 (2003).

U. Y. Jeong, D. Y. Ryu, J. K. Kim, D. H. Kim, X. D. Wu and T. P. Russell, "Precise Control of Nanopore Size in Thin Film Using Mixtures of Asymmetric Block Copolymer and Homopolymer," Macromolecules 36(26), 10126-10129 (2003).

U. Jeong, D. Y. Ryu, J. K. Kim, D. H. Kim, T. P. Russell and C. J. Hawker, "Volume Contractions Induced by Crosslinking: A Novel Route to Nanoporous Polymer Films," Adv. Mat. 15(15), 1247-1250 (2003).

D. H. Kim, Z. Q. Lin, H. C. Kim, U. Jeong and T. P. Russell, "On the Replication of Block Copolymer Templates by Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Elastomers," Adv. Mat. 15(10), 811-+ (2003).

M. Kimura, M. J. Misner, T. Xu, S. H. Kim and T. P. Russell, "Long-Range Ordering of Diblock Copolymers Induced by Droplet Pinning," Langmuir 19, 9910-9913 (2003).

K. Kuriyama, S. Shimizu, K. Eguchi and T. P. Russell, "Development of Poly(Imide-B-Amic Acid) Multiblock Copolymer Thin Film," Macromolecules 36, 4976-4982 (2003).

Y. Lin, H. Skaff, A. Boker, A. D. Dinsmore, T. Emrick and T. P. Russell, "Ultrathin Cross-Linked Nanoparticle Membranes," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125(42), 12690-12691 (2003).

Y. Lin, H. Skaff, T. Emrick, A. Dinsmore and T. P. Russell, "Nanoparticle Assembly and Transport at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces," Science 299(5604), 226-229 (2003).

M. J. Misner, H. Skaff, T. Emrick and T. P. Russell, "Directed Deposition of Nanoparticles Using Diblock Copolymer Templates," Adv. Mat. 15(3), 221-224 (2003).

M. D. Morariu, N. E. Voicu, E. Schaffer, Z. Q. Lin, T. P. Russell and U. Steiner, "Hierarchical Structure Formation and Pattern Replication Induced by an Electric Field," Nature Mats. 2(1), 48-52 (2003).

T. P. Russell, Z. Lin, E. Schaeffer and U. Steiner, "Aspects of Electrohydrodynamic Instabilities at Polymer Interfaces," Fibers and Polymers 4(1), 1-7 (2003).

A. V. G. Ruzette, A. M. Mayes, M. Pollard, T. P. Russell and B. Hammouda, "Pressure Effects on the Phase Behavior of Styrene/N-Alkyl Methacrylate Block Copolymers," Macromolecules 36(9), 3351-3356 (2003).

D. Y. Ryu, D. J. Lee, J. K. Kim, K. A. Lavery, T. P. Russell, Y. S. Han, B. S. Sung, C. H. Lee and P. Thiyagarajan, "Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Closed-Loop Phase Behavior of Block Copolymers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(23), art.no.-235501 (2003).

S. M. Sirard, R. R. Gupta, T. P. Russell, J. J. Watkins, P. F. Green and K. P. Johnston, "Structure of End-Grafted Polymer Brushes in Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Neutron Reflectivity Study," Macromolecules 36, 3365-3373 (2003).

K. Temple, K. Kulbaba, K. N. Power-Billard, I. Manners, A. Leach, T. Xu, T. P. Russell and C. J. Hawker, "Spontaneous Vertical Ordering and Pyrolytic Formation of Nanoscopic Ceramic Patterns from Poly(Styrene-B-Ferrocenylsilane)," Adv. Mat. 15(4), 297-300 (2003).

B. D. Vogt, V. S. RamachandraRao, R. R. Gupta, K. A. Lavery, T. J. Francis, T. P. Russell and J. J. Watkins, "Phase Behavior of Polystyrene-Block-Poly(N-Alkyl Methacrylate)s Dilated with Carbon Dioxide," Macromolecules 36(11), 4029-4036 (2003).

T. Xu, J. T. Goldbach and T. P. Russell, "Sequential Orthogonal Fields: A Path to Long-Range, 3-D Ordering in Block Copolymer Thin Films," Macromolecules 36, 7296-7300 (2003).

T. Xu, C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "Interfacial Energy Effects on the Electric Field Alignment of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 36(16), 6178-6182 (2003).

T. Xu, J. Stevens, J. Villa, J. Goldbach, K. W. Guarini, C. J. Black, C. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "Block Copolymer Surface Reconstruction: A Reversible Route to Nanoporous Block Copolymer Films," Adv. Func. Mat. 13, 698-702 (2003).

A. Böker, Y. Lin, K. Chiapperini, R. Horowitz, M. Thompson, V. Carreon, T. Xu, C. Abetz, H. Skaff, A. D. Dinsmore, T. Emrick and T. P. Russell, "Hierarchical Nanoparticle Assemblies Formed by Decorating Breath Figures," Nature Mats. 3, 302-306 (2004).

J. DeRouchey, T. Thurn-Albrecht, T. P. Russell and R. Kolb, "Block Copolymer Domain Reorientation in an Electric Field: An in-Situ Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study," Macromolecules 37, 2538-2543 (2004).

C. L. H. Devlin, S. Chiang and T. P. Russell, "The Effects of Varied Imidization Conditions on Rubbed Polyimide Film Surface Morphology," J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 93(3), 1192-1197 (2004).

P. Falus, H. Xiang, M. A. Borthwick, T. P. Russell and S. G. J. Mochrie, "Symmetric-to-Asymmetric Transition in Triblock Copolmer-Homopolymer Blends," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(14), Art. No. 145701 (2004).

J. T. Goldbach, K. A. Lavery, J. Penelle and T. P. Russell, "Nano- to Macro-Sized Heterogeneities Using Cleavable Diblock Copolymers," Macromolecules 37(25), 9639-9645 (2004).

U. Jeong, D. Y. Ryu, D. H. Kho, J. K. Kim, J. T. Goldbach, D. H. Kim and T. P. Russell, "Enhancement in the Orientation of the Microdomain in Block Copolymer Thin Films Upon the Addition of Homopolymer," Adv. Mater. 16(6), 533 (2004).

S. H. Kim, M. J. Misner, M. Kimura, T. Xu and T. P. Russell, "Highly Oriented and Ordered Arrays from Block Copolymers Via Solvent Evaporation," Adv. Mater. 16(3), 226-231 (2004).

D. H. Kim, X. Jia, Z. Lin, K. Guarini and T. P. Russell, "Growth of Silicon Oxide in Thin Film Block Copolymer Scaffolds," Adv. Mat. 16(8), 702-706 (2004).

S. H. Kim, M. J. Misner and T. P. Russell, "Solvent-Induced Ordering in Thin Film Mixtures of Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends," Adv. Mats. 16, 2119-2123 (2004).

D. H. Kim, S. H. Kim, K. Lavery and T. P. Russell, "Inorganic Nanodots from Thin Films of Block Copolymers," Nano Letters 4(10), 1841-1844 (2004).

D. Y. Ryu, D. H. Lee, J. Jang, J. K. Kim, K. A. Lavery and T. P. Russell, "Complex Phase Behavior of Weakly-Interacting Binary Polymer Blend," Macromolecules 37, 5851-5855 (2004).

D. Y. Ryu, D. H. Lee, U. Jeong, S. H. Yun, S. Park, K. Kwon, B. H. Sohn, T. Chang, J. K. Kim and T. P. Russell, "Closed-Loop Phase Behavior of Polystyrene-Block-Poly(N-Pentyl Methacrylate) Copolymers with Various Block Length Ratios," Macromolecules 37(10), 3717-3724 (2004).

K. Shin, H. Xiang, S. I. Moon, T. Kim, T. J. McCarthy and T. P. Russell, "Curving and Frustrating Flatland," Science 306, 76-76 (2004).

I. Y. Tsai, M. Kimura and T. P. Russell, "Fabrication of a Gradient Heterogeneous Surface Using Homopolymers and Diblock Copolymers," Langmuir 20(14), 5952-5957 (2004).

I. Y. Tsai, M. Kimura, R. Stockton, A. Green, R. Puig, B. Jacobson and T. P. Russell, "Fibroblast Adhesion to Micro- and Nano- Hetrogeneous Topography Using Diblock Copolymers and Homopolymers," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A 71A(3), 462-469 (2004).

I. Tsai, M. Kimura, R. Stockton, A. Green, B. Jacobson and T. P. Russell, "Cell Adhesion and Migration on Heterogeneous Topography," Biophys. J. 86(1), 161A Part 2 Suppl. S (2004).

H. Xiang, Y. Lin and T. P. Russell, "Electrically Induced Patterning in Block Copolymer Films," Macromolecules 37, 5358-5363 (2004).

H. Xiang, K. Shin, T. Kim, S. I. Moon, T. J. McCarthy and T. P. Russell, "Block Copolymers under Cylindrical Confinement," Macromolecules 37, 5660-5664 (2004).

T. Xu, J. T. Goldbach, M. J. Misner, S. H. Kim, T. P. Russell, A. Gibaud, O. Gang, B. Ocko, K. W. Guarini, c. T. Black and C. J. Hawker, "Scattering Study on the Selective Solvent Swelling Inducing Surface Reconstruction," Macromolecules 37, 2972-2977 (2004).

T. Xu, Y. Q. Zhu, S. P. Gido and T. P. Russell, "Electric Field Alignment of Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films," Macromolecules 37, 2625-2629 (2004).

T. Xu, A. V. Zvelindovsky, G. J. A. Sevink, O. Gang, B. Ocko, Y. Q. Zhu, S. P. Gido and T. P. Russell, "Electric Field Induced Sphere-to-Cylinder Transition in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films," Macromolecules 37(18), 6980-6984 (2004).

T. Xu, J. Goldbach, J. Leiston-Belanger and T. P. Russell, "Effect of Ionic Impurities on the Electric Field Alignment of Diblock Copolymer Thin Films," Coll. Poly. Sci. 282, 927-931 (2004).

A. Agrawal, J. Park, D. Y. Ryu, P. T. Hammond, T. P. Russell and G. H. McKinley, "Controlling the Location and Spatial Extent of Nanobubbles Using Hydrophobically Nanopatterned Surfaces," Nano Letters 5, 1751-1756 (2005).

K. A. Cavicchi, K. J. Berthiaume, B. Ocko, L. Yang and T. P. Russell, "Solvent Annealing Thin Films of Poly(Isoprene-B-Laftide)," Polymer 46, 11635-11639 (2005).

E. Drockenmuller, L. Y. T. Li, D. Y. Ryu, E. Harth, T. P. Russell, H.-C. Kim and C. J. Hawker, "Covalent Stabilization of Nanostructures: Robust Block Copolymer Templates from Novel Thermo-Reactive Systems," J. Poly. Sci., Pt. A-Poly. Chem. 43, 1028-1037 (2005).

E. Glogowski, J. B. He, T. P. Russell and T. Emrick, "Mixed Monolayer Coverage on Gold Nanoparticles for Interfacial Stabilization of Immiscible Fluids," Chemical Communications(32), 4050-4052 (2005).

C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "Block Copolymer Lithography: Merging of "Bottom up" with "Top Down" Processes," MRS Bulletin 30, 952-966 (2005).

X. Hu, Y. Zhu, S. P. Gido, T. P. Russell, H. Iatrou, N. Hadjichristidis, F. M. Abuzaina and B. A. Garetz, "Grain Growth Kinetics of AnBn Star Block Copolymers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide," Macromolecules 38, 4719-4728 (2005).

X. Hu, Y. Zhu, s. P. Gido, T. P. Russell, H. Iatrou and N. Hadjichristidis, "The Effect of Molecular Architecture on the Grain Growth Kinetics of AnBn Star Block Copolymers," Faraday Discussions 128: Self Organizing Polymers, 103-112 (2005).

S. B. Kennedy, K. Littrell, T. P. Thiyagarajan, D. A. Tirrell and T. P. Russell, "Controlled Structure in Artificial Protein Hydrogels," Macromolecules 38, 7470-7475 (2005).

D. H. Kim, Z. Sun, T. P. Russell, W. Knoll and J. S. Gutmann, "Organic-Inorganic Nanohybridization by Block Copolymer Thin Films," Adv. Func. Mat. 15, 1160-1164 (2005).

D. H. Kim, J. W. F. Robertson, O. Lee, U. Jeong, J. I. Lee, C. J. Hawker, T. P. Russell, J. K. Kim and W. Knoll, "Thin Films of Block Copolymers as Planar Optical Waveguides," Adv. Mat. 20, 2442-2446 (2005).

K. A. Leach, S. Gupta, M. D. Dickey, C. G. Willson and T. P. Russell, "Electric Field and Dewetting Induced Hierarchical Structure Formation in Polymer/Polymer/Air Trilayers," Chaos 15(4), Art. No. 047506 (2005).

K. A. Leach, Z. Lin and T. P. Russell, "Early Stages in the Growth of Electric Field-Induced Surface Fluctuations," Macromolecules 38, 4868-4873 (2005).

J. M. Leiston-Belanger, T. P. Russell, E. Drockenmuller and C. J. Hawker, "A Thermal and Manufacturable Approach to Stabilized Diblock Copolymer Templates," Macromolecules 38, 7676-7683 (2005).

Y. Lin, A. Böker, H. Skaff, D. Cookson, A. D. Dinsmore, T. Emrick and T. P. Russell, "Nanoparticle Assembly at Fluid Interfaces: Structure and Dynamics," Langmuir 21, 191-196 (2005).

Y. Lin, A. Böker, K. Sill, H. Xiang, C. Abetz, J. Wang, T. Emrick, A. Balazs and T. P. Russell, "A Self-Directed Self Assembly of Nanoparticles and Block Copolymers," Nature 434, 55-59 (2005).

J. Q. Lu, T. E. Kopley, D. Roitman, N. Moll, D. Chamberlin, G. Girolami, Q. Fu, J. Liu, T. P. Russell, D. A. Rider, I. Manners and M. A. Winnik, "High Quality Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Small Diameter, Controlled Density and Ordered Locations Produced from a Polyferrocenylsilane Block Copolymer," Chem. Mater. 17(9), 2227 (2005).

M. Malkoch, K. Schleicher, E. Drockenmuller, C. J. Hawker, T. P. Russell, P. Wu and V. V. Fokin, "Structurally Diverse Dendritic Libraries: A Highly Efficient Functionalization Approach Using Click Chemistry," Macromolecules 38(9), 3663-3678 (2005).

M. Malkoch, R. J. Thibault, E. Drockenmuller, M. Messerschmidt, B. Volt, T. P. Russell and C. J. Hawker, "Orthogonal Approaches to the Simultaneous and Cascade Functionalization of Macromolecules Using Click Chemistry," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(42), 14942-14949 (2005).

B. J. Melde, S. L. Burkett, T. Xu, J. T. Goldach, T. P. Russell and C. J. Hawker, "Silica Nanostructures Templated by Oriented Block Copolymer Thin Films Using Pore Filling and Selective Mineralization Routes," Chem. Mater. 17(18), 4743-4749 (2005).

D. A. Rider, K. N. Power-Billard, K. Cavicchi, T. P. Russell and I. Manners, "Diblock Copolymers with Amorphous Polyferrocenylsilane Blocks: Synthesis, Characterization and Self-Assembly of Polystyrene-Block-Poly(Ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) in the Bulk State," Macromolecules 38, 6931-6938 (2005).

J. T. Russell, Y. Lin, A. Boeker, L. su, P. Carl, H. Zentl, J. He, K. Sill, R. Tangirala, T. Emrick, K. Littrell, P. Thiyagarajan, D. Cookson, A. Fery, Q. Wang and T. P. Russell, "Self-Assembly and Cross-Linking of Bionanoparticles at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 2-8 (2005).

D. Y. Ryu, K. Shin, E. Drockenmuller, C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "A Generalized Approach to Surface Modification," Science 308, 236-239 (2005).

D. Shin, K. Shin, K. Aamer, G. N. Tew and T. P. Russell, "A Morphological Study of a Semicrystalline Poly(L-Lactic Acid-B-Ethylene Oxide-B-L-Lactic Acid), Triblock Copolymer," Macromolecules 38, 104-109 (2005).

H. Skaff, Y. Lin, R. Tangirala, K. Breitenkamp, A. Boeker, T. P. Russell and T. Emrick, "Crosslinked Capsules of Quantum Dots by Interfacial Assembly and Ligand Crosslinking," Adv. Mater. 17, 2082-2086 (2005).

A. Ursache, J. T. Goldbach, T. P. Russell and M. I. Tuominen, "Pulse Electrodeposition and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques for High Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Cobalt Nanowire Arrays," J. Appl. Phys. 97(10), Art. No. 10J322 Part 3 (2005).

H. Xiang, K. Shin, T. Kim, S. I. Moon, T. J. McCarthy and T. P. Russell, "From Cylinders to Helices Upon Confinement," Macromolecules 38, 1055-1056 (2005).

H. Xiang, K. Shin, T. Kim, T. J. McCarthy and T. P. Russell, "The Influence of Confinement and Curvature on the Morphology of Block Copolymers," Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics 43, 3377-3383 (2005).

T. Xu, C. J. Hawker and T. P. Russell, "Interfacial Interaction Dependence of Microdomain Orientation in Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films," Macromolecules 38, 2802-2805 (2005).

T. Xu, M. J. Misner, S. Kim, J. D. Sievert, O. Gang, B. Ocko and T. P. Russell, "Selective Solvent Induced Reversible Surface Reconstruction of Diblock Copolymer Thin Films," New Polymeric Materials. L. S. Korugic-Karasz, W. J. MacKnight and E. Martuscelli, Washington, DC, American Chemical Society, 916, 158-170 (2005).

T. Xu, A. V. Zvelindovsky, G. J. A. Sevink, K. S. Lyakhova, H. Jinnai and T. P. Russell, "Electric-Field Alignment of Asymmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films," Macromolecules 38, 10788-10798 (2005).

Q. Zhang, T. Xu, D. Butterfield, M. J. Misner, D. Y. Ryu, T. Emrick and T. P. Russell, "Controlled Placement of Cdse Nanoparticles in Diblock Copolymer Templates by Electrophoretic Deposition," Nano Letters 5(2), 357-361 (2005).

J.-Y. Wang, W. Chen and T.P. Russell (2009). Patterning with block copolymers. Unconventional nanopatterning techniques and applications. J. A. Rogers and H. H. Lee. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: 233-290.

O. K. C. Tsui and T.P. Russell, Eds. (2008). Polymer thin films. Soft condensed matter, vol 1, World Scientific.

Tsai, I. Y., A. J. Crosby, et al. (2007). Surface Patterning. Methods in Cell Biology, Elsevier, Inc. 83: 65.

Xu, T., J. Wang, et al. (2007). Electric field alignment of diblock copolymer thin films. Nanostructured Soft Matter. A. V. Zvelindovsky, Springer.

Xu, T., M. J. Misner, et al. (2005). Selective solvent induced reversible surface reconstruction of diblock copolymer thin films. New Polymeric Materials. L. S. Korugic-Karasz, W. J. MacKnight and E. Martuscelli. Washington, DC, American Chemical Society. 916: 158-170.

Russell, T. P. and J. L. Hedrick (2001). Block Copolymers as Precursors to Porous Materials. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology. T. Lodge. Oxford, Elsevier Science Ltd.: 692-695.

Russell, T. P., E. Huang, et al. (2001). Block Copolymer Thin Films. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology. T. Lodge. Oxford, Elsevier Science: 676-683.

Pollard, M., O. K. C. Tsui, et al. (2000). Some thermodynamic considerations of the lower disorder-to-order transition of diblock copolymers. Scattering from Polymers. 739: 261-269.

Watkins, J. J., G. D. Brown, et al. (2000). Phase Transitions in Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers Induced by Selective Dilation with Supercritical CO2. Supercritical Fluids. E. K. e. al. Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 277-289.

Hedrick, J. L., K. R. Carter, et al. (1999). Nanoporous polyimides. Progress in Polyimide Chemistry II. 141: 1-43.

Tsui, O. K. C., L. Rockford, et al. (1999). Manipulating Copolymers with Confinement and Interfacial Interactions. Supramolecular Structures in Confined Geometries. S. Manne and G. Warr. Washington, DC, American Chemical Society. ACS Symposium Series 736: 140-152.

Hedrick, J. L., T. P. Russell, et al. (1995). Polyimide nanofoams prepared from styrenic block copolymers. Microelectronics Technology. 614: 425-438.

Russell, T. P., A. M. Mayes, et al. (1994). Evolution of Ordering in Thin Films of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers. Ordering in Macromolecular Systems. A. Teramoto, M. Kobayashi and T. Norisuyi. Berlin, Springer-Verlag Publishing.

Russell, T. P. (1992). Neutron Reflection. Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization. Greenwich, CT, Manning Publication Company: 660.

Russell, T. P. (1991). Small Angle Scattering at Synchrotron Radiation Sources. Handbook of Synchrotron Radiation. G. Brown and D. E. Moncton. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Company. 3: 379.

Hedrick, J. L., J. W. Labadie, et al. (1989). Synthesis of Imide-Aryl Ether Phenylquinoxaline Random Copolymers. Polyimides: Materials, Chemical Characteristics. C. Feger, M. M. Khojasteh and J. M. McGrath. Amsterdam, Elsevier Publishers: 58.

Alfonso, G. and T. P. Russell (1986). Crystallization and Melting Studies on Poly(ethyleneoxide)/Poly(methylemethacrylate) Mixtures. Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology. L. A. Kleintjens and P. J. Lemstra. London, Elsevier: 132-137.