Manufacturing Pathway and Experimental Demonstration for Nanoscale Fine-Grained 3-D Integrated Circuit Fabric
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Abstract
At Sub-20nm technologies CMOS scaling faces severe challenges primarily due to fundamental device scaling limitations, interconnection overhead and complex manufacturing. Migration to 3-D has been long sought as a possible pathway to continue scaling; however, CMOS’s intrinsic requirements are not compatible for fine-grained 3-D integration. In [1], we proposed a truly fine-grained 3-D integrated circuit fabric called Skybridge that solves nanoscale challenges and achieves orders of magnitude benefits over CMOS. In Skybridge, device, circuit, connectivity, thermal management and manufacturing issues are addressed in an integrated 3-D compatible manner. At the core of Skybridge’s assembly are uniform vertical nanowires, which are functionalized with architected features for fabric integration. All active components are created primarily using sequential material deposition steps on these nanowires. Lithography and doping are performed prior to any functionalization and their precision requirements are significantly reduced. This paper introduces Skybridge’s manufacturing pathway that is developed based on extensive process, device simulations and experimental metrology, and uses established processes. Experimental demonstrations of key process steps are also shown.