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07
Oct
1:15 pm - 2:30 pm ET
Joint Math/Physics Seminar
What is a FatGraph: Part 2

Last time I talked about fatgraphs in the Gaussian matrix models and derived the free energy of discrete 2D quantum gravity. We will continue explaining another way of building a matrix model by using the gauge transformation. This approach enables us to reduce the N-dimensional (N^2) partition function to N eigenvalues of the matrix. 

07
Oct
2:30 pm - 3:30 pm ET
Representation Theory Seminar
Do Kien Hoang: Hikita conjecture for nilpotent orbits

Let G be a simple algebraic group and let G be its Langlands dual group.  Barbasch and Vogan, based on earlier work of Lusztig and Spaltenstein, define a duality map D that sends nilpotent orbits 𝕆e ⊂ 𝔤 to special nilpotent orbits 𝕆e ⊂ 𝔤.   In work of Losev, Mason-Brown and Matvieievskyi, an upgraded version of this duality is considered, called the refined BVLS duality.  (𝕆e) is a G-equivariant cover 𝕆'e of 𝕆e.  Let Se be the nilpotent Slodowy slice of the orbit 𝕆e.  The two varieties X = Se and X= Spec([𝕆'e]) are expected to be symplectic dual to each other.  In this context, a version of the Hikita conjecture predicts an isomorphism between the cohomology ring of the Springer fiber e and the ring of regular functions on the scheme-theoretic fixed point XT for some torus T.   This conjecture holds when G is of type A.  In this talk, I will discuss the status of similar statements about the Hikita conjecture for general G.  Part of the result is based on joint work in preparation with Krylov and Matvieievskyi.

10
Oct
1:30 pm - 2:30 pm ET
Seminars,
Statistics and Data Science Seminar Series
Mary Lai O. Salvaña: Multi- and Mixed-Precision Computations for Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Statistics

Abstract: Computational statistics has traditionally utilized double-precision (64-bit) data structures and full-precision operations, resulting in higher-than-necessary accuracy for certain applications. Recently, there has been a growing interest in exploring low-precision options that could reduce computational complexity while still achieving the required level of accuracy. This trend has been amplified by new hardware such as NVIDIA's Tensor Cores in their V100, A100, and H100 GPUs, which are optimized for mixed-precision computations, Intel CPUs with Deep Learning (DL) boost, Google Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), ARM CPUs, and others. However, using lower precision may introduce numerical instabilities and accuracy issues. Nevertheless, some applications have shown robustness to low-precision computations, leading to new multi- and mixed-precision algorithms that balance accuracy and computational cost. To address this need, we introduce MPCR, a novel R package that supports three different precision types (16-, 32-, and 64-bit) and their combinations, along with its usage in commonly-used Frequentist/Bayesian statistical examples. The MPCR package is written in C++ and integrated into R through the Rcpp package, enabling highly optimized operations in various precisions. Moreover, we show how to leverage low precision computations for spatial and spatio-temporal statistics.

Bio: Mary Lai Salvana is an Assistant Professor in Statistics at the University of Connecticut (UConn). Prior to joining UConn, she was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Mathematics at University of Houston. She received her Ph.D. in Statistics at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia. She obtained her BS and MS degrees in Applied Mathematics from Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines, in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Her research interests include extreme and catastrophic events, risks, disasters, spatial and spatio-temporal statistics, environmental statistics, computational statistics, large-scale data science, and high-performance computing.

10
Oct
2:30 pm - 3:30 pm ET
Seminars,
Mathematics of Machine Learning
Zecheng Zhang: From Neural Single Operator to Neural Multi-Operator Foundation Models

In this talk, I will explore the machine learning approach to solving complex physical systems modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs). Since many PDE-solving problems can be framed as operator approximations, we will focus on operator learning. The discussion will begin by extending the universal approximation theorem to make it invariant to discretization, followed by an examination of distributed algorithms that can further improve the network flexibility to handle complex multiscale problems. To improve the network's ability to extrapolate, we will delve into multi-operator learning, particularly in designing foundation models that can address previously unseen problems. To mathematically quantify of these approximations, the talk will conclude with a discussion of neural scaling laws, focusing on the convergence of operator learning networks and the analysis of generalization error.

17
Oct
1:30 pm - 2:30 pm ET
Seminars,
Statistics and Data Science Seminar Series
Michael Stein: Spatial Interpolation with Estimated Covariance Functions

Gaussian process models are frequently used for continuously varying environmental quantities. Based on some set of observations, if we know the mean and covariance functions of the Gaussian process over some domain of interest, we can write down the conditional Gaussian distribution of the process at any unobserved location. In applications, the mean and/or covariance functions are generally estimated from the same observations used for prediction. Common practice is to ignore the uncertainties in the estimates of the mean and covariance functions when making predictive inferences, which is known as plug-in prediction. By studying the properties of spatial predictions in the frequency domain, we can gain useful insights into how using estimated covariance functions affect point predictions and uncertainty quantification. This approach is explored via simulations for some examples with known mean functions and simple parametric models for the covariance function that include a parameter controlling the smoothness of the process. The location of the predictand relative to the observations plays an essential role in the quality of plug-in predictions in a way that can be readily explained by thinking in the frequency domain. I will briefly consider extension of these ideas to joint prediction uncertainties at multiple unobserved locations, in particular, explaining how a bivariate posterior predictive density can deviate substantially from having elliptical contours.

17
Oct
4:00 pm - 5:00 pm ET
Seminars,
Distinguished Lecture,
Baillieul Distinguished Lecture
Amy Braverman: The Next Generation of NASA's Earth Observing Satellites: Challenges and Opportunities for Learning about the Earth System

Remote sensing data sets produced by NASA and other space agencies are a vast resource for the study of the Earth System and the physical processes that drive it. However, no remote sensing instrument actually observes these processes directly; instruments collect electromagnetic spectra aggregated over two-dimensional ground footprints or three-dimensional voxels (or sometimes just at a single point location). Inference on physical state based on these spectra occurs via complex, computationally intensive ground data processing infrastructures. As we transition from the Earth Observing System (EOS, circa 1999-2026) to the new Earth System Observatory (ESO, circa 2026) data volumes will explode. This presents both challenges and opportunities for scientists of all kinds. In this talk, I will specifically discuss ESO's Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) mission scheduled for launch later this decade. After describing the basics of remote sensing, I will delve into some of the important characteristics of SBG and its connection to both science and societal decision making.

18
Oct
4:00 pm - 5:00 pm ET
Seminars,
Distinguished Lecture,
Baillieul Distinguished Lecture
Amy Braverman: Uncertainty Quantification for Remote Sensing Data

The ability of spaceborne remote sensing data to address important Earth and climate science problems rests crucially on how well the underlying geophysical quantities can be inferred from these observations. Remote sensing instruments measure parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and use computational algorithms to infer the unobserved true physical states. However, the accompanying uncertainties, if they are provided at all, are usually incomplete. There are many reasons why including but not limited to unknown physics, computational artifacts and compromises, unknown uncertainties in the inputs, and more. In this talk I will discuss two approaches to uncertainty quantification for remote sensing data. The first is a practical methodology currently being implemented for NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 and 3 missions. The method combines Monte Carlo simulation experiments with statistical modeling to approximate conditional distributions of unknown true states given point estimates produced by imperfect operational algorithms. Alternatively, the second approach explicitly leverages and accounts for spatial correlation in the underlying geophysical processes. This approach is more computationally demanding, but offers certain advantages that will be important for upcoming missions like Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) which will yield huge data volumes. I will review our approach and progress in spatial uncertainty quantification, and demonstrate with data from an SBG precursor mission called EMIT, currently on the International Space Station.

21
Oct
11:00 am - 12:00 pm ET
Mathematical and Computational Biology Seminar
Arman Rahmim (UBC Cancer Center) MathBio Talk

In this talk, we emphasize that patient data, including images, are not operable (clinically), but that digital twins are. Based on the former, the latter can be created. Subsequently, virtual clinical operations can be performed towards selection of optimal therapies. Digital twins are beginning to emerge in the field of medicine. We suggest that theranostic digital twins (TDTs) are amongst the most natural and feasible flavors of digitals twins. We elaborate on the importance of TDTs in a future where ‘one-size-fits-all’ therapeutic schemes will be transcended; e.g. in radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs). Personalized RPTs can be deployed, including optimized intervention parameters. Examples include optimization of injected radioactivities, sites of injection, injection intervals and profiles, and combination therapies. Multi-modal multi-scale images, combined with other data and aided by artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, can be utilized towards routine digital twinning of our patients, and will enable improved deliveries of RPTs and overall healthcare.

 

21
Oct
2:30 pm - 3:30 pm ET
Seminars,
Representation Theory Seminar
Chengze Duan: Representation Theory TBA

Representation theory seminar by Chengze Duan

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