The EEO-1 Report is required of employers of a certain size by federal statute and regulations. Among other things, employers categorize company employment by race/ethnicity, gender and job category. Please see the EEO-1 Survey page on the EEOC's website. The EEO-1 reports are the longest and largest organizational panel data collected anywhere in the world. At present there are just shy of ten million workplace observations, with an additional 250,000 plus observations a year.  You can see a list of the annual tables aggregating data from the EEO-1 dataset.

Subject to strict confidentiality restrictions, the EEO-1 reports have been used by far the most often and with the most value added of any EEOC data. A series of researchers have used the data as they were originally designed to measure aggregate societal change in employment outcomes (Becker, 1980; Leonard, 1984, 1989; Smith & Welch, 1984; Tomaskovic-Devey et al. 2006; Kurtulus, 2012; Kurtulus, 2015).  There is also a history of adding contextual data about communities (Adams 1972; Skaggs 2008, 2009; Coleman 2010), industries (McTague et al. 2009; Stainback and Tomaskovic-Devey 2012), lawsuits (Hirsch 2009; Kalev and Dobbin 2006; Skaggs 2008, 2009),and workplace managerial practices (Kalev et al. 2006; Hirsch and Kmec 2009) in order to model endogenous and exogenous change mechanisms. Researchers interested in linking EEOC data to other datasets must also abide by existing confidentiality restrictions. Recently researchers used the EEO-1 data to create panel datasets (e.g. Huffman, Cohen and Pearlman 2010; Kalev, Dobbin and Kelly 2006; Kurtulus and Tomaskovic-Devey 2011; Skaggs 2008, 2009) to more formally model organizational change processes. (taken from RIDIR Project Description),  All research using EEO-1 reports is conducted and published by researchers in accordance with Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) agreements.  These IPA agreements impose strict confidentiality restrictions on researchers’ use and publication of work product based on EEOC data, including research papers.  In particular, before publishing any research paper based on EEOC data, each researcher agrees to submit such papers to EEOC for its review and approval.  For more information about these confidentiality restrictions, see EEO Data: Confidentiality and Security Restrictions.