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Before You Start

Reflect whether you want to lead a conversation about a challenging topic in the first place. You may decide that simply acknowledging the topic at the beginning of class is enough before following your class plan for the day.

Make Your Choices

The following resources help you choose activity structures that support your learning objectives.

Debate, Dialogue or Discussion

Each has its own goal and process. Choose which one fits your context better.

Discussion-Based Teaching

Read about Rachel Mordecai's (English) use of in class discussion.

In Class

The following concrete strategies help you implement effective discussions in your classes.

Participation Agreements

Students engage if they feel safe. Agreements are useful, especially in times of turmoil. 

Structure the Conversation

Practices to support positive engagement and minimize potential harm.

Activity: Analytic Teams

A technique in which each student assumes a role needed for critical analysis.

Navigate Hot Moments

Recognize, attend, care and empathize to avoid potentially harmful reactions.