Charles’ career continues to focus largely on government capacity building in the many areas related to migration and governance. Building on earlier work with migrant and refuge communities in New England during his years at CIE, and subsequently as a member of the senior management team at the Philippines Refugee Processing Center in Bataan until its closure in 1994, Charles then joined the International Organization for Migration (IOM), now the UN’s migration agency. He served in programmatic and senior management positions in Georgia (Tbilisi), Italy, Geneva, again the Philippines and