Cranberry Black Bug in MA Cranberry (March 2023)

CRANBERRY BLACK BUG 
IN MA CRANBERRY 

Plagiognathus repetitus 
Martha M. Sylvia and Anne L. Averill 
University of Massachusetts-Amherst 
Cranberry Station, East Wareham, MA 
March 2023 

In Massachusetts cranberry, we recently found significant injury caused by cranberry black bug, a plant bug in the insect order Hemiptera and in the insect family Miridae. Large swaths on a bed produced little or no fruit as a result of the feeding injury. We only detected black bug on a few bogs that were under organic or low-input management. Years ago, it was reported on MA cranberry, particularly on Cape bogs, and has also been reported in NJ. 
Cranberry black bug, Plagiognathus repetitus, is active in May as a nymph. We found adults in June and early July. There was significant leaf damage and low crop associated with counts of 10-25 insects. 

 

Cranberry black bug adults. When spotted in the sweep net in early July, they move very rapidly.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BIOLOGY. Henry J. Franklin reported that cranberry black bug overwinters in the egg stage (H.J. Franklin. 1950. Cranberry insects in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Agric. Exp Station Bull. 445). It has been recorded on other ericaceous plants such as sheep laurel. 

Example of piercing-sucking mouthparts in a plant bug.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Black bugs have piercing-sucking mouthparts that have a tubular, jointed beak. The beak is inserted into the leaf and plant juices are sucked. 

Cranberry black bug undergoes incomplete metamorphosis where the insect does not change in structural form as they become larger. They pass from immature stages (called nymphs) to the adult stage. Wing buds enlarge with each nymphal stage until functional wings appear in the adult. In the image above: 1) adult stage 2) egg 3) nymphal stages (immatures). Image: M.A.Ayieko

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A cranberry black bug nymph (immature). This is what to look for in the early spring sweep net. They do not jump. Image: Cesar Rodriguez-Saona

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INJURY. As of this writing, we believe that the majority of vine injury delivered by cranberry black bug occurs in the early season (May-June). In June, we observed greatly deformed leaves and in July, we observed swaths of crop loss. 

Magnification of cranberry black bug nymphs (immatures) in the sweep net. Image: Suzanne Arandt

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MANAGEMENT. Sweep for the light yellow or greenish nymphs in late May into June and then for adults in June into July. Injury to the vines (deformed leaves at the top of the vine) are apparent in late June into July. If needed, a broad spectrum spray such diazinon would be applied. We may know more about other spray options as other outbreaks are reported, so consult the Cranberry Station for field reports. 

COLLEMBOLA (SPRINGTAILS) MAY LOOK LIKE IMMATURE (NYMPHAL) BLACK BUGS. Springtails are not harmful to cranberry. They are typically very small, but sometimes larger ones will be picked up. They are often found in large numbers in spring sweeps. They perform well under bog conditions and graze on decaying vegetation, fungi, bacteria, and algae. The best bet for training the eye for Collembola is to first examine them under a magnifier.  

An array of Springtails-Collembola showing how colors and shape vary. We often see globular bodied species, but among years, the most common ones vary greatly. A spring sweep net sample showing great numbers of Collembola (Springtail), which are not harmful.

Author: Martha M Sylvia, Anne L. Averill
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