Marc Bloch
The Zone of Myth
Métier d'Historien (1949) 50-51
It is well known that cultures in general elaborate or invent their traditions, their cultural memories, in directions agreeable to their later selves. Bloch here gives a beautiful example of this process at work not in antiquity but in the contemporary world, the world of modern information mechanisms, showing the role of both hope and fear in the myth formation process.
Cependant, pour que l'erreur d'un témoin devienne celle de beaucoup d'hommes,
However, for the error of one witness to become that of many men,pour qu'une mauvaise observation se métamorphose en un faux bruit,
or for one inaccurate observation to transform itself into a false rumor,il faut aussi que l'état de la société favorise cette diffusion.
it is also necessary that the state of society should favor its spread.Tous les types sociaux ne lui sont pas, à beaucoup près, également propices.
Certainly not all social conditions are equally propitious.Là-dessus, les extraordinaires troubles de la vie collective que nos générations ont vécus
The extraordinary disruptions of collective life in our timeconstituent autant d'admirables expériences.
include many remarkable experiences of this kind.Celles du moment présent, à dire vrai, sont trop proches de nous
Those of the present moment, to speak frankly, are too close to uspour souffrir encore une exacte analyse.
to permit as yet a precise analysis.La guerre de 1914-1918 permet davantage le recul.
The war of 1914-1918 will permit a greater perspective.Chacun sait combien ces quatre années se sont montrées fécondes en fausses nouvelles.
Everyone knows how fertile were those four years in the production of false news.Notamment, chez les combattants.
Especially among the combat troops.C'est dans la société très particulière des tranchées
It is in the very special society of the trenchesque leur formation semble la plus intéressante à étudier.
that their formation seems most interesting to study.Le rôle de la propagande ed de la censure fut, à sa façon, considérable.
The role of propaganda and censorship was, in its way, considerable.Mais exactement inverse de ce que les créateurs de ces institutions attendaient d'elles.
But exactly the opposite of what the creators of these institutions had intended for them.Comme l'a fort bien dit un humoriste: "l'opinion prévalait aux tranchées
As one humorist very neatly put it, "The opinion prevailed in the trenchesque tout pouvait être vrai à l'exception de ce qu'on laissait imprimer."
that anything could be true, with the exception of what they allowed to be printed."On ne croyait pas aux journaux; aux lettres, guère plus;
They no longer believed in the newspapers; in letters, scarcely more so,car, outre qu'elles arrivaient irrégulièrement, elles passaient pour très surveillées.
for besides the fact that they arrived only irregularly, they had been severely censored.D'où un renouveau prodigieux de la tradition orale,
From this there arose a prodigious renewal of oral tradition,mère antique des légendes et des mythes.
the ancient mother of legends and myths.Par un coup hardi, que n'eût jamais osé rêver le plus audacieux des expérimenteurs,
By a daring stroke, which was undreamed of by the most audacious experimenters,les gouvernements, abolissant les siècles écoulés,
the governments, abolishing bygone centuries,ramenaient le soldat du front aux moyens d'information
left to the soldier at the front the means of informationet à l'état d'esprit des vieux âges, avant le journal,
and the mental state of the olden times, before the newspaper,avant la feuille de nouvelles, avant le livre.
before the news bulletin, before the book.
13 Jan 2008 / Contact The Project / Exit to Reference Page