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328 pp., 6 x 9
1 map

May, 2012

ISBN (paper): 

978-1-55849-932-4

Price (paper) $: 

28.95

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May, 2012

ISBN (cloth): 

978-1-55849-931-7

Price (cloth) $: 

80.00

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A volume in the series:

Culture, Politics, and the Cold War

A Call to Conscience

The Anti-Contra War Campaign

A definitive history of the grassroots movement to halt American intervention in Nicaragua

Unlike earlier U.S. interventions in Latin America, the Reagan administration’s attempt to overthrow the Sandinista government of Nicaragua during the 1980s was not allowed to proceed quietly. Tens of thousands of American citizens organized and agitated against U.S. aid to the counterrevolutionary guerrillas, known as “contras.” Believing the Contra War to be unnecessary, immoral, and illegal, they challenged the administration’s Cold War stereotypes, warned of “another Vietnam,” and called on the United States to abide by international norms.

A Call to Conscience offers the first comprehensive history of the anti–Contra War campaign and its Nicaragua connections. Roger Peace places this eight-year campaign in the context of previous American interventions in Latin America, the Cold War, and other grassroots oppositional movements. Based on interviews with American and Nicaraguan citizens and leaders, archival records of activist organizations, and official government documents, this book reveals activist motivations, analyzes the organizational dynamics of the anti–Contra War campaign, and contrasts perceptions of the campaign in Managua and Washington.

Peace shows how a variety of civic groups and networks—religious, leftist, peace, veteran, labor, women’s rights—worked together in a decentralized campaign that involved extensive transnational cooperation.

"A ground-breaking book. If a hundred years from now the anti–Contra War movement is included on the list of significant American protest movements, there is no question this book will be a major reason why. It clarifies our vision of the 1980s, refutes the dominant Reagan triumphalism, and shows contemporary America to be just as fraught with protest as the 1960s."—Andrew E. Hunt, author of The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans Against the War

"The new book by Prof. Roger Peace, A Call to Conscience: The Anti-Contra War Campaign, is an important contribution to recording the true history of the era, unsullied by US government and media lies and disinformation. As such, I would recommend it as reading for the Occupy Movement for its lessons on how a decentralized movement can be made strong enough to stop a very motivated president (Ronald Reagan) from sending US troops to invade another country (Nicaragua)."—Alliance for Global Justice

"[A Call to Conscience] describes among other things, how transnational activities stimulated grassroots activism, how peace and leftist solidarity groups managed to cooperate in the Central American movement, and the development of former Fellowship of Reconciliation director Don Mosley's "Walk in Peace" project in Nicaragua."—International Fellowship of Reconciliation

"What Roger Peace, adjunct professor of history at Tallahassee Community College, does very well in A Call to Conscience is remind Americans about a largely forgotten past when antiwar religious and secular groups, despite their many differences, dared challenge the Reagan administration's proxy war in Nicaragua aimed at defeating a left-wing government."—History News Network

Roger Peace is adjunct professor of history at Tallahassee Community College.

Acknowledgments . . . ix
List of Abbreviations . . . xi

Introduction . . . 1

1. U.S.-Nicaragua Relations, the Sandinista Revolution, and the Contra War . . . 7
2. An Overview of the Contra War Debate . . . 29
3. Origins of the Anti–Contra War Campaign . . . 53
4. Expansion of the Anti–Contra War Campaign, 1983–84 . . . 81
5. Organizational Dynamics of a Decentralized Campaign . . . 114
6. The Politics of Transnational Solidarity . . . 145
7. Meeting the Political Challenge, 1985–86 . . . 177
8. Sustaining the Anti–Contra War Campaign, 1987–90 . . . 208

Conclusion . . . 245

Notes . . . 247
List of Personal Interviews and Communications . . . 289
Index . . . 293