The European project is a three- year, NSF funded, collaborative project that focuses on understanding the evolution of postcranial robusticity in the European skeleton. Dr. Brigitte Holt's collaborators are Chris Ruff (Johns Hopkins University), Markku Niskannen (University of Oulu, Finland), and Vladimir Sladek (Czech Republic). Using cortical measurements taken on radiographs of the long bones in combination with molds of the external diaphyseal contours, they analyze parameters of robusticity from reconstructed cross-sections of skeltons from Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Medieval, and recent time periods from around Europe. This project will provide funding for several graduate students, as well as potential MA and PhD thesis topics. It will also lead to numerous collaborations with European anthropologists from Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, England, Germany, Austria, Serbia, Romania, Hungary, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Czech Republic, and Russia.