The BioSafety Protocol (BSP) is an international effort to create a legally binding international agreement that governs the transboundary movement of living products of modern biotechnology in order to protect and conserve biodiversity. This paper examines the negotiation of the BSP to date, identifies Canadian concerns with the BSP, which primarily involve the potential impact of the protocol upon the export of Canadian products of agricultural biotechnology, and assesses the potential economic and trade impact of the BSP upon Canadian canola exports. Based upon the identified potential trade impacts, the paper proposes a variety of strategies for limiting the potential impact of the BSP upon Canadian agricultural exports.