In 1985, a computer (Evans & Sutherland) effective for protein molecular visualization cost $250,000 = ¥28,000,000. Free Macromolecular Visualization Software for PC's Year Software Coding Language Open- Source? Within Browser? 1992 MAGE/Kinemages by David C. Richardson C? ? No Pre-Internet! 1993 RasMol* by Roger A. Sayle C Yes No Pre-Internet! 1997 MDL Chime* plugin by Tim Maffett et al. © MDL C++ No Yes 2002 KiNG (Kinemage Next Generation) applet by Ian W. Davis and David C. Richardson java Yes Yes 2004 Jmol* applet by Miguel Howard et al. java Yes Yes * Share a common core "RasMol" command language for molecular views. The complexity of this language limits full use to specialists. "User-friendly" interface (wrapper) needed for wider access by scientists, educators and students. Comprehensive list of free molecular visualization software: molvisindex.org More on molecular visualization history.