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New England Small Fruit Pest Management Guide

Table of Contents

Section 18 Emergency Exemption approved for
use of Indar 75WSP for blueberries to control mummyberry disease
.

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GENERAL INFORMATION
1
Pages 1-28
(130K)

Table 1. General information for some small fruit crops

1
SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT
1
PLANT NUTRITION -- MAJOR AND MINOR
4

Figure 1. The nitrogen cycle

4

Table 2. Nitrogen credits for previous crops

5

Table 3. Nitrogen credits from manure incorporated before planting

5
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER
7

Table 4. Typical carbon-to-nitrogen ratios

8
COVER CROPS AND GREEN MANURES
8

Table 5. Pre-plant cover-crop seeding dates and rates

9
GUIDELINES FOR ORGANIC FERTILIZATION
10

Table 6. Nutrient recommendations for small fruit crops

11
ORGANIC CERTIFICATION
12
ABOUT PEST MANAGEMENT
12
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)
13
BIOLOGICALS
17
NATURAL ENEMIES AND PREDATORS
18
PESTICIDE SAFETY AND USE
18

Table 7. Toxicity information for some pesticides commonly used in small fruits

21

Table 8. Approximate dilutions for small volumes of spray mixes

23
WATER
24

Table 9. Fumigant rates and spectrums of activity

24
FUMIGATION MATERIALS AND RISKS
25
WEED MANAGEMENT GENERAL NOTICE
25
WEED MANAGEMENT
26
STRAWBERRIES
29
Pages 29-54
(116K)
GENERAL INFORMATION
29

Table 10. Recommended optimal soil characteristics for growing strawberries

29

Table 11. Number of strawberry plants per acre at different spacings

30

Table 12. Critical nutrient values for strawberry tissue analysis

30

Table 13. Critical freeze temperatures for strawberries based on stage of growth

30
DISEASES
31

Table 14. Strawberry cultivar descriptions

35

Table 15. Efficacy of fungicides for strawberry disease management

36
INSECTS
36

Table 16. Monitoring for tarnished plant bug in strawberry

37

Table 17. Revision to monitoring procedure for strawberry bud weevil (clipper)

37

Table 18. Tentative guidelines for thrips in strawberries

38

Table 19. Efficacy of common insecticides and miticides used in strawberries

42

Table 20. Strawberry pest management schedule

43
WEED MANAGEMENT
49

Table 21. Weed management in strawberries during the transplant and establishment years

50

Table 22. Transplant year strawberry herbicide calendar

53

Table 23. Herbicide efficacy against common weeds in strawberries

54
HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES
55
Pages 55-71
(80K)
GENERAL INFORMATION
55

Table 24. Recommended optimal soil characteristics for growing blueberries

55

Table 25. Amount of sulfur (in lb/100 sq ft) required to lower soil pH for blueberries

55

Table 26. Number of blueberry plants per acre at different spacings

56

Table 27. Critical nutrient values for blueberry tissue analysis

56
DISEASES
56

Table 28. Highbush blueberry variety descriptions for New England

57

Table 29. Fungicides registered for use on blueberries and their primary uses

60
INSECTS
62

VERTEBRATE PESTS

64

Table 30. Highbush blueberry pest management schedule

65
WEED MANAGEMENT
69

Table 31. Weed management for highbush blueberries in the transplant year and in established plantings

70
BRAMBLES
72
Pages 72-86
(68K)
GENERAL INFORMATION
72

Table 32. Recommended optimal soil characteristics for growing brambles

72

Table 33. Number of bramble plants per acre at different spacings

72

Table 34. Postplant nitrogen recommendations for brambles

73

Table 35. Critical nutrient values for bramble tissue analysis

73
DISEASES
74
VIRUSES
76

Table 36. Relative hardiness and disease resistance for red raspberry varieties recommended for New England

76
INSECTS
77

Table 37. Bramble pest management schedule

79

Table 38. Fall bearing (primocane fruiting) bramble pest management schedule

82
WEED MANAGEMENT
84

Table 39. Weed management in brambles

85
GRAPES
87
Pages 87-102
(71K)
GENERAL INFORMATION
87

Table 40. Recommended optimal soil characteristics for growing grapes

87

Table 41. Critical nutrient values for grape petiole analysis

87
DISEASES
88

Table 42. Grape black rot leaf wetness duration-temperature combinations necessary for grape foliar infection by black rot

88

Table 43. Effectiveness of fungicides on grape diseases

91
INSECTS
91

Table 44. Effectiveness of insecticides for management of grape insects

93

Table 45. Grape pest management schedule

94
WEED MANAGEMENT
99

Table 46. Weed management in grapes during the planting year and in established vineyards

100
APPENDICES
103
Pages 103-108
(31K)

Table 47. Poisoning hazard to honey bees of common small fruit pesticides

103

Table 48. Relative toxicity of pesticides to mite predators Neoseiulus fallacis, Typhlodromus pyri, Zetzelia mali and Stethorus punctum (ladybird beetle)

104

Table 49. Conversion factors to convert from one unit to another

105

Resource Materials

105

Sample Plant Diagnostic Submission Form

108
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