Using
the Work and Words of Other Authors:
A guide to APA Style for International Students - and Others
by D. R. Evans & G. B. Rossman
Full text in PDF Format
In
the academic world of universities in the United States, the rules governing
how and when you may use the ideas and words of others are taken very
seriously. There are widely varying cultural assumptions about how knowledge
is created and legitimated, and varying norms about the treatment of
existing writings by subsequent authors. The Western academic world
is highly individualistic and places emphasis on being able to judge
and give credit for the work of each student or researcher. "World
majority" students from collectivist societies come from nations
where one's experiences, thoughts and ideas are interwoven with those
of others, both living and dead.
Development
Policies for Socio-Emotional Development
by Fritz Affolter
Full
text
Development planners pursue
ambitious strategies to elevate the socio-economic living standards
around the globe. Yet, while perhaps achieving economic or educational
objectives, social change agendas upset social support network structures
in charge of nurturing societies’ socio-emotional capital base.
Social stress eventually weakens societies’ care-taking mechanisms,
producing socio-emotionally impoverished community structures that deprive
children and adults of the socio-emotional resources necessary for coping
with the requirements of an unpredictable future. The research proposal
summary that follows explores the development of instruments that would
allow policy makers to foster decision-making procedures that are –
using Goleman’s (1995) term -- emotionally “intelligent”.
Participatory
Monitoring and Evaluation
by Gretchen B. Rossman
Full text
Participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E)
is a process of self-assessment, knowledge generation, and collective
action in which stakeholders in a program or intervention collaboratively
define the evaluation issues, collect and analyze data, and take action
as a result of what they learn through this process. It is fundamentally
about sharing knowledge-among beneficiaries of the program, program
implementers, funders, and often outside evaluation practitioners. Philosophically,
participatory monitoring and evaluation seeks to honor the perspectives,
voices, preferences and decisions of the least powerful and most affected
stakeholders-the local beneficiaries. All too often, evaluation is something
done to beneficiaries; participatory approaches argue that evaluation
should be done with these key groups.
