Asian Studies

ASIAN - 397B - BRIDGING ASIA & AMERICA

Talks by local and visiting faculty, as well as film screenings and performances, designed to introduce students to the multi-layered connections between Asia and Asian America. Areas that will be considered include: popular culture, youth sub-cultures, labor, issues of gender and sexuality, and migration and immigrant communities. Discussions emphasize how issues play out at local and transnational levels. 2 credits

ASIAN STUDIES - 491A - SENIOR SEMINAR

Required of all students working toward the completion of the Certificate in Asian and Asian American Studies. Contact the Certificate Advisors for details. Interested students should contact Professor C.N. Le in the Sociology Dept., in Thompson Hall.

Chinese

CHINESE - 110 - NON-INTENSIVE ELEMENTARY CHINESE I

A beginning course of modern standard Chinese (Mandarin). Introduction to the romanization phonetic system of Chinese (Hanyu pinyin), essential sentence structures, basic vocabulary, and approximately 180 characters in traditional form. Develops the basic skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Equivalent to the first half of Chinese 126 in content. No prerequisites

CHINESE - 120 - NON-INTENSIVE ELEMENTARY CHINESE II

Equivalent to the second half of Chinese 126 in content. Further development of communicative skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Prerequisite: Chinese 110 (Non-Intensive Elementary Chinese I) or the equivalent.

CHINESE - 126 - INTENSIVE ELEMENTARY CHINESE I

Beginning course on modern standard Mandarin Chinese. Introduction to the Romanization phonetic system of Chinese (Hanyu pinyin), essential sentence structures, basic vocabulary, 300 Chinese characters in traditional form. Rigorous training in pronunciation and tones, accuracy and fluency in speaking. Emphasis on overall development of communication competence in listening, speaking, reading and writing. No prerequisites. 6 credits.

CHINESE - 127 - INTEN. ELEM. CHINESE I: READING & WRITING

This is a parallel course to Chinese 126 geared for heritage speakers, those who grew up knowing how to speak Chinese but not read or write.

CHINESE - 136 - INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE CINEMA

This class presents an introduction to Chinese cinema from its birth in 1905 up to the present. It focuses on the close-reading and appreciation of representative Chinese films. Arranged chronologically and thematically, this course examines interaction of film texts with social contexts. In-depth analyses of films from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan leads students to consider theoretical questions such as film aesthetics, production, distribution, and reception. Topics include relationships of cinema and mass culture, history, ideology, colonialism, and globalization.

CHINESE - 140 - CHINESE SCRIPT I

You can learn to write Chinese characters with no previous exposure on your part to the study of Chinese language. This course introduces historical and contemporary variations of the unique Chinese writing system. Analyzes the structure of Chinese characters from an historical perspective. Develops ability to recognize Chinese characters in a variety of non-printed forms. Emphasis is on hands-on experience. Lecture with slides and demonstrations. Requirements include participation in class discussion, quizzes, short essays and a term project. No prerequisites. Knowledge of Chinese characters would be helpful but is not necessary.

CHINESE - 141 - CHINESE SCRIPT II

Continues technic learned in 140, but it can stand alone.

CHINESE - 150 - PEOPLES AND LANGUAGES OF CHINA

Social and cultural diversity in Chins through the elns of language.  Three foci: classification of the minorities and their languages, language language contact and the formation of Chinese dialects, and the role of language in identifyling in identity ethnic groups and in maintaining distinct cultures. Conducted in English. No prerequisites and no knowledge of Chinese is required.

CHINESE - 155 - CHINESE MYTHS & LEGENDS

Introduction to myths and legends of traditional China: gods, goddesses, immortals, dragons, and deified heroes. Their ancient forms and how they appear in literature and the arts will be discussed. Short essays, a long essay, a term paper are required. Course is conducted in English; no otherlanguage is required. This is a General Education AL/G course.

CHINESE - 197S - CHINA IN WORLD AFFAIRS

Darfur, world energy prices, the Olympics, peace or war on the Korean peninsula – all of these crucial global issues have one thing in common: China. As China rejoins the ranks of the great powers, how will it fit into the present global order? This course will approach this question through a study of China as a civilization over time. We will look at political culture and government; religion and philosophy; economy and society; and foreign affairs and diplomacy, in order to gain understanding of how current changes in China might work to determine the global future. Readings and instruction are in English.

CHINESE - 197S - IDEA AND ACTION IN CHINESE CIVILIZATION

Will China become a democracy? Is Confucianism compatible with Enlightenment notions of human rights? Will China’s rise deepen the fault lines of potential world conflict? The re-emergence of China as a great world power raises important questions. This course will explore these and many more questions through an investigation of the interplay between idea and action in Chinese civilization from the earliest times to the present. We will look at political culture and government; religion and philosophy; political economy and society; foreign affairs and diplomacy; and literature and art to gain an understanding of how China’s past shapes its present. The course will be conducted in English; no prior knowledge of Chinese will be required.

CHINESE - 241 - CONTEMPORARY CHINESE LITERATURE

The development of modern China as seen through its literature covering the period 1915-1989. Exploration of the relationship between writing and political change, the role of dissident writers, and the politics of gender in texts from mainland China and Taiwan. All readings are in English translation. This is a GenEd AL/G course. 3 credits

CHINESE - 242 - CHINESE VERNACULAR LITERATURE
 

CHINESE - 246 - INTENSIVE ELEMENTARY CHINESE II

A continuation of Chinese 120 or 126. While further developing aural-oral skills in modern standard Chinese (Mandarin), the course focus gradually shifts toward reading and writing. Introduction to the next 400 characters in traditional form, principles of character simplification, and the use of Chinese-English dictionaries. Prerequisite: Chinese 120/126. 6 credits.

CHINESE - 326 -  INTENSIVE INTERMEDIATE CHINESE I

Course develops ability in spoken Mandarin and increases knowledge of Chinese characters. Prerequisite is Chinese 246 (Intensive Elementary Chinese II). 6 credits.

CHINESE - 327 - INTENSIVE INTERMEDIATE CHINESE II

Develops student's reading and speaking ability in Mandarin. Students should recognize approximately 1800 characters by year's end. Course will be centered around reading, as well as viewing and discussing several short plays from the People's Republic of China. Other assignments include frequent quizzes, unit exams, homework assignments, and class attendance. Prerequisite is Chinese 326 or permission of the instructor. 6 credits.

CHINESE - 375 - INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE LINGUISTICS

Introduction to the general nature of modern Chinese syntax. Survey of phonological and syntactic structures, vocabulary makeup and development in this century, current changed in the writing system, progress in standardization, and major typological characteristics. Mandarin and other dialects will be analyzed and discussed. Prerequisite is Chinese 327.

CHINESE - 391G - JUNIOR YEAR WRITING

All undergraduates are required by the University to complete a course in their major for the Junior Year Writing program in order to graduate. The principal thrust of the course will be toward the development of the student's skill in writing English academic and analytical prose, as well as the research that accompanies this writing. Prerequisite for the course is the successful completion of the University's College Writing (CW) requirements (English 112 or 113). 3 credits.

CHINESE - 426 - ADVANCED MODERN CHINESE I

A continuation of intermediate Chinese. Further expansion of vocabulary and extensive practice listening, readings, speaking and writing. Review of Chinese grammar as needed. Conducted in Chinese. Prerequisite Chinese 327 (Intensive Intermediate Chinese II).

CHINESE - 427 - ADVANCED MODERN CHINESE II

Further expansion of vocabulary and extensive practice in listening, reading, speaking and writing. Review of Chinese grammar as needed. Conducted in Chinese. Prerequisite: Chinese 426 or permission of the instructor.

CHINESE - 433 - BUSINESS CHINESE

Introduction to the terminology and the basics of foreign trade in Chinese. Develops fluency in reading authentic texts and documents of business Chinese. Training in writing and translating business letters regarding import and export, and conducting business negotiations in Chinese. Prerequisite: Chinese 426

CHINESE - 450 - ELEMENTARY CLASSICAL CHINESE

An introduction to the vocabulary, grammar and rhetorical features of classical Chinese; readings of core texts in the tradition of Chinese philosophical and historical discourse.

CHINESE - 451 - INTERMEDIATE CLASSICAL CHINESE

450 or 450H or permission of the instructor. This course is a continuation of Chinese 450, Elementary Classical Chinese. Students will gain further experience with the basic grammar and rhetorical features of Classical Chinese Poetry and Poetic writing. Prerequisite: Chinese 450.

CHINESE - 498T - PRACTICUM & TUTORIAL

Non-native advanced students or native speakers of Chinese are assigned to work with one of the faculty/graduate students and assist in teaching beginning or intermediate Chinese by hosting conversation tables outside of class. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. 1-3 credits.

CHINESE - 570 - RESEARCH IN CHINESE SOURCE MATERIALS

An introduction to the practice Sinology, this course will feature discussion of Sinology as an intellectual and academic discipline in the larger field of the humanities, while introducing the resources required for research in Chinese source materials, including dictionaries, concordances, and other bibliographic tools.

CHINESE - 526 - READINGS IN MODERN CHINESE LITERATURE I

Critical reading and appreciation of selections from modern Chinese literary works of various genres, including short stories, novels, plays and poems. Reading and discussion in Chinese. Prerequisites are Chinese 426 and Chinese 427.

CHINESE - 528 - CHINESE LANGUAGE IN CONTEXTS

For upper division and graduate students. (Lower division students can enroll in the companion course Chinese 375). Explores aspects of Chinese language as studies in traditional Chinese linguistics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and Chinese dialectology. Topics include historical sources, traditional divisions, formation of the standard dialect (Mandarin), social variations and geographical distributions. Prerequisites are Chinese 375 and Chinese 427.

CHINESE - 570 - RESEARCH IN CHINESE SOURCE MATERIALS

An introduction to the intellectual foundations of Sinology, and to the practice of research in Chinese Studies. Research methods, bibliography, and Sinological tools such as dictionaries and concordances will be discussed in detail.

CHINESE - 575 - SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES OF CHINESE

The general nature of Chinese syntax: Mandarin in particular. Analysis of major syntactic constructions of Mandarin. Issues in Chinese linguistics. Topics of controversy on Mainland China before the Cultural Revolution. Prerequisites: 2 years of Mandarin or Cantonese and Chinese 375 or permission of the instructor.

CHINESE - 577 - CHINESE DIALECTOLOGY

Develops the ability to use source materials in Chinese linguistics. An historical survey of the nature and developments of Chinese grammatical and phonological students in three stages: Archaic, Ancient and Modern. Prerequisite: Chinese 375 or permission of the instructor.

CHINESE - 580 - TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Please consult professor for details.

CHINESE - 597M - MING-CHING NOVEL

Please consult professor for details.

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Japanese

JAPANESE - 110 - NON-INTENSIVE ELEMENTARY JAPANESE

Beginning non-intensive course in modern standard Japanese. Students will develop basic skills in speaking, listening, reading and writing. Equivalent to the first half of Japanese 126 in content. Textbook: Genki I (Lessons 1-4). No prerequisites. 3 credits.

JAPANESE - 120 - NON-INTENSIVE ELEMENTARY II

A continuation of Japanese 110. Beginning non-intensive course in modern standard Japanese. Students will develop basic skills in speaking, listening, reading and writing. Equivalent to the second half of Japanese 126 in content. Textbook: Genki I (Lessons 5-8). Prerequisite: Japanese 110. 3 credits.

JAPANESE - 126 - INTENSIVE ELEMENTARY JAPANESE I

Beginning intensive course in modern standard Japanese. Students will develop basic skills in speaking, listening, reading and writing. Textbook: Genki I (Lessons 1-8). No prerequisites. Students who have completed 110 with a grade of C or better are not eligible to take this course. 6 credits.

JAPANESE - 135 - JAPANESE ARTS AND CULTURE

Exploration of Japan’s secular and religious arts and their impact on gendered literary texts, such as early aristocratic women’s writings and medieval warrior epics. Films about the traditional theater, which influences the culture of sexuality, and about the Zen-inspired art of the Tea Ceremony, which reflected political upheaval. Locating points of intersection between art and literature, religion and politics in modern Japan under Western influence. This is a General Education I/G course. No prerequisites.

JAPAN - 143 - COURTLY ROMANCE AND WARRIOR EPIC

Japanese 143 is a lecture survey course with as much time as possible devoted to discussion. Students will read, in English translation, the supreme masterpiece of Japanese literature, The Tale of Genji (ca. 1010), which is also the world's first novel and the only world classic written by a woman. Startlingly different from Murasaki Shikibu's subtle romance about the elegant Heian court is The Tale of the Heike, a warrior epic inspired by the political intrigues and the horrors of the Genpei War (1180-1185). This second monumental work of Japanese literature was first transmitted orally by blind itinerant monks who recited episodes pitching the rise of a samurai honor culture against the fall of courtly society to the percussive sound of the lute-like biwa. The Tale of the Heike (compiled in 1371) belongs, like Homer's Iliad, to a male oral tradition. Students are encouraged to link humanistic, aesthetic, and religious values to literary expression and cultural transformation. Class participation (depending on class size) and/or quizzes; two papers are required. There are no prerequisites. This is a GenEd AL/D course.

JAPANESE - 144 - JAPANESE LITERATURE – MODERN

Survey of the literature of modern Japan from the first flowering of urban culture in the early 17th century to the height of Japan's modern military empire in the late 1930s. The course emphasizes reading and discussion of selected works (all in English translation) chosen for accessibility as well as importance in the Japanese literary canon. Thematically, special attention is paid to the development of fiction and narrative out of the predominately poetic tradition. We also consider especially the effect on literature of the tremendous cultural upheaval brought about by the establishment of a modern “Westernized” state in Japan in the late 19th century. This is a General Education AL/G course. 4 cr. No prerequisites.

JAPANESE - 197C - INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE RELIGIONS

This course examines the history of Japanese religions, including Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and various new religions through themes such as art, ritual, gender, charisma, and sacred space. No prerequisites.

JAPANESE - 197M - STUDY ABROAD IN JAPAN

Contact Professor Forrest directly for information regarding this course.

JAPANESE - 235 - PERFORMING ARTS OF JAPAN

A study and discussion of the performing arts of Japanese.  Begins with the Japanese musical tradition, indigenous and imported, in religious and secular modes.  Japanese classical music and dance are essential to the unique forms of traditional Japanese theater.  Students will read and/or view selected plays.  Course ends with a student of modern theater and dance.  Active class participation and oral presentations are required, as well as one research or creative term paper.

JAPANESE - 246 - INTENSIVE ELEMENTARY JAPANESE II

A continuation of Japanese 120 and 126. Students will further develop basic skills in speaking, listening, reading and writing with an emphasis on the practical use of the Japanese language in various contexts. Textbook: Genki I (Lessons 9-12) & Genki II (Lessons 13-16). Prerequisite: Japanese 120 or 126. 6 credits.

JAPANESE - 297B - JAPANESE POP-CULTURE

This course explores the history of Japanese popular culture, starting from the Tokugawa era and running to the present.  Beginning with an exploration of Tokugawa culture and the development of mass culture, we will then turn our attention to prewar popular culture.  The bulk of the course will explore current forms of popular culture including manga and anime.  The final portion of the course will look at the impact of Japanese popular culture on other countries including Asia and the United States.

JAPANESE - 326 - INTENSIVE INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE I

A continuation of Japanese 246. Students will further develop basic skills in speaking, listening, reading and writing with an emphasis on natural communication in various contexts. Textbook: Genki II (Lessons 17-23). Prerequisite: Japanese 246. 6 credits.

JAPAN - 327 - INTENSIVE INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE II

A continuation of Japanese 326. Students will further develop skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing at an intermediate level with an emphasis on natural communication in various contexts and discussion of cultural and contemporary issues. Textbook: Tobira. Prerequisite: Japanese 326. 6 credits.

JAPAN - 375 - INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE LINGUISTICS

Introduction to the nature of Japanese phonology, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. Following a brief survey of basic linguistic concepts, the course focuses on the structure of modern Japanese, comparative linguistics, Japanese language acquisition, and controversial issues in Japanese linguistics. Prerequisite: Japanese 326.

JAPAN - 391G - JUNIOR YEAR WRITING

All undergraduates are required by the University to complete a course in their major for the Junior Year Writing program in order to graduate. The principal thrust of the course will be toward the development of the student's skill in writing English academic and analytical prose, as well as the research that accompanies this writing. Prerequisite for the course is the successful completion of the University's College Writing (CW) requirements (English 112 or 113). 3 credits.

JAPANESE - 393A - HEIAN LITERARY CULTURE

In “Heian Literary Culture” we will go beyond The Tale of Genji to look closely at a number of other Heian period literary works (all in English translation) that are sometimes skimmed over in survey courses. We also ground our view of this literature in the culture and history of the period, looking at recent scholarly studies for secondary readings. It is strongly recommended that students have a general knowledge of the Heian period before they register for this course. Please contact the instructor for a suggested reading list.

JAPANESE - 397M - JAPANESE BUDDHISM & THE LITERARY ARTS

This course will examine how Japanese Buddhism manifested itself in its literature–primarily through poetry and tales—from the Nara to the Tokugawa periods. Prerequisites: one course in premodern Japanese literature or one course in pre-modern Japanese religion/Buddhism.

JAPAN - 397R - GIFT-GIVING IN JAPAN

Gift Giving is, and always has been, very important to Japanese society. This course will explore how gift giving works and how it has changed over time to give us a dynamic and holistic picture of Japanese society.

JAPAN - 496T - PRACTICUM & TUTORIAL

Non-native advanced students or native speakers of Japanese are assigned to work with one of the faculty and assist in teaching beginning or intermediate Japanese. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. 1-3 credits.

JAPANESE - 497A - READINGS IN MODERN JAPANESE I

Readings in Japanese from a variety of authentic contemporary sources, including short fiction, plays, newspapers, magazines, and electronic media, as well as integrating readings from textbook covered in Japanese 497B. Course focuses on reading for comprehension with attention to fundamental dictionary skills, kanji and vocabulary recognition skills,mastery of grammatical structures of written Japanese, and development of familiarity withJapanese cultural concepts. Prerequisite: Japanese 327 or permission of instructor. 3 credits.

JAPANESE - 497B - CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE I

A continuation of Japanese 327. Students will further develop skills in speaking, listening, reading and writing at an intermediate level with an emphasis on natural communication in various contexts and discussion of cultural and contemporary issues. Further emphasis on oral fluency and development of compositional skills. Instruction and discussion are in Japanese. Textbook: Tobira. Prerequisite: Japanese 327. 3 credits.

JAPAN - 497C - READINGS IN MODERN JAPANESE II

Longer readings from a selection of authentic modern Japanese literary materials, essays, and newspaper articles; also integratingreadings from textbook covered in Japanese 497D. Emphasis continues from Japanese 497A on readingcomprehension, kanji acquisition, and development of independence in grammatical and lexical analysis. Prerequisite: Japanese 497A or permission of instructor. 3 credits.

JAPAN - 497D - CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE II

A continuation of Japanese 497B. Students will further develop skills in speaking, listening, reading and writing at an intermediate-high level with an emphasis on natural communication in various contexts and discussion on cultural and contemporary issues. Further emphasis on oral fluency and development of compositional skills. Preparing students for working exclusively with authentic materials. Instruction and discussion are in Japanese. Prerequisite: Japanese 497B. 3 credits.

JAPANESE - 499C - SEMINAR – THE SAMURAI

This seminar explores the unique culture of the samurai warrior class from its ancient origins to its transformation under the Tokugawa regime and its demise in modern times. This is a Capstone course for honors students. There are no prerequisites. The Samurai is a 4-credit seminar (the first part of a two-semester 8-credit course). We will devote as much time as possible to discussion. Requirements include two 8 page papers (60% of the final course grade). Capstone students must revise and combine the two fall papers with two spring term papers into one coherent whole or, ideally, a capstone honors thesis that requires a B+ or better for all written and oral work in the course. The seminar is open to honor students as well as regular undergraduate and graduate students. Priority will be given to senior honors capstone students.

JAPAN - 499R - HONORS SEMINAR: REBELS AND MARTYRS

This is a capstone course for students enrolled in the Commonwealth College. Contact Professor Bargen or the ComColl staff in Goodell Hall for details and descriptions.

JAPANESE - 532 - MEDIA JAPANESE I

Students work on improving reading and listening comprehension through use of authentic contemporary materials in Japanese media includingblogs, newspapers (print and web), television news and magazine programs, and movies reflecting life and thought in contemporary Japan. Particular focus on journalistic or newspaper Japanese, with attention to the stylistic habits and conventions of the genre. Includes independent research assignments in Japanese sources. Prerequisite: Japanese 497C and/or satisfactory completion of the placement test. 3 credits.

JAPANESE - 536H - ADVANCED MODERN JAPANESE I

A continuation of Japanese 497 C and 497D. Assists students in reading quality Japanese texts in some quantity and different genres. Discusses issues pertinent to the texts. Students write in Japanese on issues brought out by the given texts. Textbook: course packet. Prerequisite: Japanese 497C & 497D and/or satisfactory completion of the placement test. 3 credits.

JAPAN - 537 - ADVANCED MODERN JAPANESE II

A continuation of Japanese 532 and 536. Students will further develop skills in reading and analyzing quality Japanese texts, listening to conversations and debates, and expressing opinions clearly and logically in writing and in verbal discussions. Textbook: course packet. Prerequisite: Japanese 532/536 or and/or satisfactory completion of the placement test. 3 credits.

JAPANESE - 556H - CLASSICAL JAPANESE I

Introduction to the literary language of Japanese through the study of classical grammar (bungotai 文語体) and the linguistic analysis of classical poetry and prose texts. Prerequisite: Japanese 497A or consent of the instructor. Recommended companion course: Japanese 597A (see below). This course is open to regular and honors students.

JAPAN - 557H - CLASSICAL JAPANESE II

A continuation of Japanese 556H. Critical reading and appreciation of selected major classical texts (poetry and prose) in their cultural and literary context. Focus on improving grammar and dictionary skills, as well as introducing basic philological research. Prerequisite: Japanese 556H or consent of instructor. Recommended companion course: Japanese 597A (see below).This course is open to both regular and honors students.

JAPAN - 560H - REBELS AND MARTYRS

This course is open to both regular and honors students. Seminar addresses issues of Sacrifice Rebellion, and Martyrdom in Pre-modern and Modern Japan. Analysis of primary and secondary literature as well as films on a variety of topics. Taught in English, this course meets with Japanese 499D, the capstone course for honor students.

JAPAN - 580- Teaching Japanese as a Foreign Language

Seminar on the theoretical and practical approaches to foreign language learning and teaching. Topics include second language acquisition theory, psycholinguistics in L2 acquisition, Japanese teaching methodology, syllabus design, lesson planning, materials development, testing and assessment, and teacher development. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

JAPANESE - 591B - SEMINAR IN MODERN JAPANESE PHILOSOPHY

This offering will focus on the development of philosophy in modern Japan.  Concentration will be on some of the major figures of the late 19th and 20th centuries and how they conceived of philosophy in contexts of war, in the ebb and flow of national sensitivities, and in relationship to the West will be major themes.  How such philosophy grappled with the questions of “Japanese-ness,” while important here, will not overshadow the fact that philosophers were at the same time trying to cope with major questions about human existence, death, justice, and the ethical dilemmas of modern society.  Reading will be from translated primary sources and from related works.  Efforts will be made to relate much of this material to contemporary social and ethical problems – thus, it is hoped, showing how the thinking of these modern Japanese may have value and importance even for students with academic and long-term interests not specifically linked to the study of Japan.

JAPANESE - 597C - PROBLEMS AND METHODS IN TRANSLATION

Advanced training in practical techniques associated with the translation of modern Japanese; familiarization with appropriate glossaries, dictionaries, and other translator’s tools. Discussion of specific problems in Japanese-English translation and practice with a variety of prose styles used in journalistic, political, commercial, literary and other forms of modern writing. For undergraduate students only.

JAPAN - 597A - MANUSCRIPT JAPANESE

A repeatable 1-credit course taken in conjunction with both Japanese 556H and Japanese 557H. Designed as a critical supplement to the study of bungotai, this course introduces the script forms and orthography that most Japanese texts—whether manuscript, woodblock printed or moveable type—used prior to the twentieth century. Students will become familiar with the basic elements of that script system, from derivation and method to deciphering letters (fall semester) and reading complete texts (spring semester). Prerequisite: enrolment in/completion of J556 or knowledge of classical grammar.

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